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OCT  31  I9^f 

THE  METROPOLITAN   MUSEUM 
OF  ART 


ART    EDUCATION 


AN    INVESTIGATION   OF  THE 

TRAINING    AVAILABLE    IN 

NEW  YORK  CITY  FOR  ARTISTS 

AND    ARTISANS 


NEW  YORK 

M  CM  XVI 


> 


. 


Copyright,  191 6,  by 
The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 


CONTENTS 


PAGB 


Art  Education:   an  Investigation v 

List  of  Industries i 

Analyses  of  Industries 21 

Architecture 21 

Costume  Design 22 

Costume  Illustration 22 

Design,  Applied 23 

Design,  Commercial  —  Posters,  Sign-painting,  Show 

Cards 24 

Interior  Decorating .  25 

Metalwork — Jewelry,  Bronze  Founding  ....  25 

Novelties — Air-brush,  Boxes,  Cards,  Celluloid  Ob- 
jects, Dolls,  Fans,  Furniture,  Lamp  Shades,  Rib- 
bon Objects,  Toys  and  Games 26 

Schools 29 

Museums 44 


:j4i5345 


ART    EDUCATION:    an  Investigation 


PURPOSE  OF  THE  STUDY 

THIS  intensive  study  of  the  Industries  in  which  art— line, 
mass,  and  form  — plays  a  part,  was  undertaken  by  the 
Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  for  the  purpose  of  bring- 
ing the  Museum  into  closer  touch  with  manufacturers  and 
workers  in  the  industrial  arts  and  enabling  the  Museum  to  be 
of  more  practical  service  to  artisans  and  to  teachers  both  of  the 
fine  arts  and  of  the  industrial  arts.  It  is  hoped  that  this  begin- 
ning may  lead  to  further  study  of  the  needs  and  possibilities 
for  industrial  art  education  in  New  York  City. 

That  this  pamphlet  may  be  of  service  in  vocational  guidance, 
we  have  tried  to  show  clearly,  on  the  one  hand,  the  various 
industries  in  which  young  people  with  artistic  inclinations  may 
find  congenial  and  profitable  employment,  and,  on  the  other, 
where  training  in  the  art  industries  may  be  obtained.  The  num- 
ber of  blank  spaces  in  the  right-hand  column  of  the  list  of  indus- 
tries indicates  how  many  there  are  which  can  be  learnt  at 
present  only  by  long  years  of  work  in  the  trade.  The  old 
apprenticeship  system  now  exists  only  in  a  few  lines  and  in 
modified  form. 


METHOD  OF  MAKING  THE  INVESTIGATION 

The  list  of  industries  was  made  after  careful  study  of  many 
reports  of  vocational  surveys,  notably  those  of  Minneapolis  in 
1915  ;  Cincinnati  printing  trades,  1914;  and  Cleveland  building 
trades,  19 16.  The  investigations  carried  on  by  the  National 
Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial  Education,  particularly 
by  the  committee  which  cooperated  in  the  Minneapolis  survey 
under  the  chairmanship  of  Professor  Charles  R.  Richards,  Di- 
rector of  Cooper  Union,  and  the  addresses  presented  at  the 
annual  conventions  of  the  National  Society,  have  been  freely 
drawn  upon.    Government  reports  used  include  the  Thirteenth 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

United  States  Industrial  Census,  1910;  the  Report  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Labor  on  Industrial  Education,  19 10;  the  Indus- 
trial Directory  of  New  York,  1913;  and  the  Short-Unit 
Courses  for  Wage  Earners  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  La- 
bor Statistics,  1915.  Help  in  the  preparation  of  the  list  of 
trade  schools  was  gained  from  the  Directory  of  Trades  and 
Occupations  Taught  at  Day  and  Evening  Schools  in  Greater 
New  York,  published  by  the  Henry  Street  Settlement  in  1909 
and  revised  in  19 16.  The  Scholarship  Committee  of  the  Henry 
Street  Settlement  has  just  issued  a  list  of  published  reports  of 
Investigations  of  Industries  in  New  York  City,  1905-19 15. 

The  more  detailed  analyses  of  certain  industries  are  the 
result  of  personal  investigations,  including  interviews  with 
heads  of  firms,  designers,  and  foremen,  and  observation  in 
workshops  and  studios.  Some  of  the  special  studies  have  been 
condensed,  by  special  permission,  from  printed  reports  and  in 
each  case  credit  is  given. 

The  work  along  industrial  art  lines  being  carried  on  by  the 
Board  of  Education  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  its  secondary 
and  vocational  schools  is  here  brought  together  for  the  first 
time.  It  was  prepared  through  interviews  and  correspondence 
with  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Vocational  Education 
of  the  Board  of  Education,  Mr.  John  Martin;  the  Director  of 
Drawing  in  the  High  Schools,  Dr.  James  P.  Haney;  the  Dis- 
trict Superintendent  in  charge  of  Evening  Schools,  Mr.  Henry 
E.  Jenkins;  and  principals  of  the  various  vocational  schools 
and  of  the  Evening  Industrial  Art  School. 

Answers  to  the  questionnaire  sent  out  by  the  Museum  were 
received  from  43  art  schools,  trade  schools,  and  art  classes  in 
settlements.  These,  together  with  printed  catalogues,  have 
been  analyzed.  The  total  number  of  schools  listed,  exclusive 
of  the  public'high  schools  that  merely  include  drawing  in  their 
general  course,  is  61. 


[vi: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


STATISTICS 

Profissioiuds^ 

I'XITED  STATES  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Total  Male  Female        Total         Male      Female 

Architects 16,613      16.31 1           302       2,259  2,216  43 

Artists,  Sculptors, 

Teachers  of  Art .  34,104     18,675      15,429       5,800  4,016  1,784 

Designers     4,075  2,948  1,127 

Draftsmcti 2,933  2,885  48 

Designers  and 

Draftsmen-   .  .  .  46,485     43,657       2,828 

Photographers    .   .   .                                                          2,427  2,215  212 

Totals     ....  97,202     78,643      18,559     17.494  14-280  3,214 


Students^ 

UNITED  STATES         NEW  YORK  CITY 

Schools 
Listed     Reported  Enrolment         Schools    Enrolment 

Architecture 74  53  3.005  2  1,544 

Academic 109  35  6,252  4  2,138 

Fine  and  Applied 4  2,057 

Design 70  5  1,266  i  676 

Sculpture I  92 

Crafts 35  2  204 

Industrial 17  9  3,281  2  1,326 

Normal 77  15  2,871  2  1,148 

Evening 52  28  9,632  2  3,443 

Summer 72  48  6,152  (5)  (1,631) 

Totals 216  151  32,663  18  12,424 

Statistics  can  never  tell  the  whole  story.  Two  of  the  schools 
in  New  York  City  that  call  themselves  schools  of  fine  and 
applied  arts  have  important  normal  art  departments;  Teachers 
College,  which  is  here  counted  as  one  of  the  normal  art  schools 

1  Thirteenth  United  States  Census,  igio. 

-  Designers  and  draftsmen  are  grouped  together  in  the  national  census 
and  separately  for  New  York  City ;  photographers  are  not  noted  in  the 
national  census. 

•'  American  Art  Annual,  Volume  XI,  1914. 

Lvii] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

and  also  as  one  of  the  industrial  art  schools,  has  two  depart- 
ments, Fine  Arts  and  Industrial  Arts;  there  is  only  one  sum- 
mer school  which  is  not  part  of  a  winter  organization  and 
that,  being  a  normal  course,  is  counted  with  the  normal  group, 
so  that  all  the  summer  registration  in  New  York  is  a  duplica- 
tion; although  only  one  school  calls  itself  a  school  of  applied 
design,  design  is  taught  at  all  except  the  four  purely  academic; 
the  evening  schools  are  chiefly  devoted  to  draftsmen. 

Considering  all  the  above  figures,  it  would  seem  that  in  the 
whole  United  States  there  are  only  about  one  third  as  many 
students  in  the  artistic  professions  as  there  are  men  and  women 
actually  engaged  in  the  work;  in  New  York  City  there  are 
about  two  thirds  as  many  students  as  workers. 

FACILITIES  FOR  THE  STUDENT  IN 
NEW  YORK  CITY 

The  list  of  art  schools  in  New  York  City  at  first  glance  seems 
long  and  might  be  supposed  to  be  quite  adequate.  In  reality 
many  of  the  classes  noted  are  hidden  in  most  unexpected  places, 
hence  the  great  need  for  this  list.  Only  one  independent  art 
school  has  its  own  building— the  New  York  School  of  Applied 
Design  for  Women — the  name  of  which,  however,  shows  its 
limitations.  The  School  of  Practical  Arts  of  Teachers  Col- 
lege, Columbia  University,  is  part  of  a  large  organization. 
There  are  certain  advantages  in  this,  for  the  student  is  thereby 
brought  into  direct  contact  with  many  broadening  influences; 
also  here  a  degree  may  be  obtained.  Other  art  schools  are 
similarly  situated  as  part  of  a  large  educational  organization, 
but  some  valuable  classes  are  struggling  in  very  inadequate 
rented  quarters. 

Several  schools  are  maintained  in  New  York  City  with  the 
direct  cooperation  of  the  trades.  A  notable  example  is  the 
School  for  Printers'  Apprentices  which  is  supported  jointly  by 
the  Employing  Printers  Section,  Typographical  Union  No. 
6,  and  the  Hudson  Guild;  another  is  the  Technical  School  for 
Carriage  Draftsmen  and  Mechanics  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Carriage  Builders'  National  Association  and  the  National  Au- 

[  vili  2 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

tomobile  Chamber  of  Commerce.  The  Mechanics'  Institute  of 
the  General  Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen  maintains  an 
evening  school  where  over  2,000  young  men  are  enrolled  each 
year,  chiefly  in  the  various  drafting  classes.  Another  important 
center  is  Cooper  Union,  founded  in  1854  by  Peter  Cooper  "to 
be  devoted  forever  to  the  union  of  Art  and  Science  in  their 
application  to  the  useful  purposes  of  Life."  Here  under  one 
roof  are  a  Museum  for  the  Arts  of  Decoration,  a  Woman's 
Art  School  with  day  sessions,  a  Night  Art  School  for  Men,  and 
day  and  evening  School  of  Technical  Science  for  Men  and  Wo- 
men. The  report  of  the  Night  Art  School  for  Men  for  191 5- 
191 6  shows  1,423  registered  as  follows:  mechanical  drawing 
723,  freehand  drawing  451,  decorative  design  170,  and  model- 
ing 79.  An  analysis  of  the  occupations  of  these  young  men  dur- 
ing the  day  shows  that  380  are  clerks,  bookkeepers,  etc.;  144 
draftsmen;  iii  designers  and  artists;  88  carpenters  and  wood- 
workers; 69  jewelers  and  silversmiths;  66  engravers  and  illus- 
trators; 6^  masons  and  builders;  6^  salesmen;  57  teachers  and 
students;  55  in  clothing  trades;  49  painters  and  decorators;  45 
plumbers  and  ironworkers;  39  printers  and  electrotypers;  29 
stone-cutters  and  wood-carvers;  14  electricians;  11  sign  paint- 
ers; 9  civil  engineers;  and  9  machinists. 

When  we  come  to  examine  what  our  public  school  system  is 
doing  for  industrial  art  education  we  find  that  the  only  profes- 
sional work  being  done  in  the  day  schools  is  at  the  Washington 
Irving  High  School,  where  there  are  courses  in  commercial 
design  and  in  costume  illustration  that  lead  directly  into  the 
trades.  In  24  of  the  evening  high  schools  there  are  classes  in 
mechanical,  architectural,  and  freehand  drawing;  three  of 
these  schools  teach  commercial  design,  four  costume  illustra- 
tion, one  industrial  design,  one  cabinet  making,  and  one  clay 
modeling.  Through  the  cooperation  of  the  District  Superin- 
tendent in  charge  of  the  evening  schools,  17  replies  were  re- 
ceived by  the  Museum  from  the  request  for  information.  The 
total  registration  in  the  art  classes  at  these  17  evening  high 
schools  was  1,572,  divided  as  follows:  mechanical  drawing 
633;  architectural  drawing  264;  freehand  drawing  371;  com- 
mercial design  90;  industrial  design  33;  costume  Illustration 

[ix: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


319;  cabinet  making  44;  and  clay  modeling  20.  In  October, 
1 9 13,  the  New  York  Evening  Industrial  Art  School  was 
opened  in  a  building  that  is  used  during  the  day  for  an  ele- 
mentary school.     Here  highly  specialized  branches  are  taught 

to  about  500  adults. 

Florence  N.  Levy. 


Cx] 


INDUSTRIES 

The  following  list  gives  the  \arious  occupations  that  require  a  know- 
ledge of  drawing,  design,  modeling,  and  color,  or  of  anj'  one  of  these  or 
related  courses.  Processes  and  important  branches  of  art  studj'  are  also 
listed. 

Tlie  second  column  analyzes  the  course  of  study,  and  an  asterisk  (*) 
shows  that  a  further  analysis,  with  information  regarding  wages,  etc.,  is 
given  in  the  chapter,  page  2i.  The  census  figures  are  from  the  Thir- 
teenth Census  of  the  United  States,  1910. 

The  third  column  indicates  schools  where  the  course  is  offered.  The 
guide  letters  and  numbers  (Cutter  library  system)  refer  to  the  list  of 
schools  on  page  29.  Under  general  headings  all  schools  are  listed  where 
the  subject  is  taught;  when  a  school  distinctly  offers  a  course  in  some 
special  phase  of  the  subject,  only  this  school  is  noted ;  so  it  is  always  wise 
to  use  general  headings  as  cross  references.  For  instance,  flower  painting 
can  be  learnt  in  all  schools  that  teach  painting,  but  only  one  school  offers 
Flower  Painting  as  a  separate  subject. 


Industries 


Courses 


Schools 


Advertisement  designing 


Aesthetics 


Air-brush  work 

Anatomj- 

Antique 
Appreciation 


Design;  typography.  See  De- 
sign, Commercial;  Sign-paint- 
ing; Show-card  writing. 

Appreciation ;  history  of  ar- 
chitecture, sculpture,  painting, 
ornament,  and  the  minor  arts; 
the  place  of  art  in  the  history 
of  civilization. 


Color; 
ability, 
cities. 

Lectures. 


design ;      mechanical 
See  analysis  of  Nov- 


See  Drawing,  Freehand. 
See  Aesthetics. 


N481;  N483; 
P88;  P96C;  Pq6e; 
V851;  W27 

B63;  B79;  C69; 
C691 ;  C72; 
C722;  C781: 
H89;  M56;  N21; 

N482;  N483; 
P88;  Pgbd; 
W58 


Architecture — *Designing  Freehand  and  mechanical 
drawing;  rendering;  model- 
ing; elements  of  architecture; 
architectural  design;  building 


Ar7;  C781; 
N21;  P88 


C69  elementary; 
C72  (degree)  ; 
IVI46   clcmentarv; 
P88;  S02 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


*Drafting 


Architecture,  Naval 
Artificial  flowers 
Artificial  stone 
Automobiles 


Badges,  Banners 


Baskets 


Beadvvork 
Blacksmithing 

Block-printing 

Blue-prints 

Boat-building 
Boiler-making 
Bookbinding 


Book-cover  designing 


materials;  mathematics;  esti- 
mating; interior  design  and 
decoration;  history  of  archi- 
tecture and  general  history  of 
art.     Census:  2,259. 

iVIechanical  drawing;  develop- 
ment of  details;  lettering; 
tracing;  blue-prints. 


Drafting,  specially  adapted. 

See  Flowers,  Artificial. 

See  Stone,  Artificial. 

Drafting;  freehand  drawing; 
carpentry;  upholstery;  paint- 
ing. Census:  56  firms  mak- 
ing automobiles,  including 
bodies  and  parts;  2,326  em- 
ployed, of  whom  31  are  pro- 
prietors and  316  salaried. 

Design;  color;  heraldry.  Cen- 
sus: 50  firms  making  badges, 
banners,  flags,  and  emblems; 
678  employed,  of  whom  56  are 
proprietors  and  92  salaried. 

Design.  See  Weaving.  Cen- 
sus: 26  firms  making  basket, 
rattan,  and  willow  ware ;  462 
employed,  of  whom  26  are 
proprietors  and  35  salaried. 

Design;  color. 

Design;  modeling;  color.  See 
Metal  work. 

Design;  color;  technical  abil- 
ity in  cutting  the  wood  or 
linoleum. 

Mechanical  drawing.  See 
Working  drawings. 

See  Ship-building. 

Drawing,  specially  adapted. 

Design;  color;  tooling;  inlay 
ing;  sewing;  forwarding. 


B791 ;  C69;  C72; 
C78;  H35;  M46; 
M96;  M961; 
P882;  P96h; 
P961C,  d,  e,  h,  1,  n, 
o,  s,  u,  w ;  S02 ; 
V851 

W38 


T22 


B79;   C722; 
H39;  N483;  P88 


N484 
C722;  P88 


Design  for  steel  die. 

12-2 


M96 

Et3  and  H89  pre- 
vocational ;    P88; 
P961S;  V851 
trade;  W27  pre- 
vocational 

C722;   N482 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Book-making 
Book-plate  designing 
Box-making — Fancy 


Wooden 


Braidinii 
Brass-working 


Bricklaying 
Bridge-building 
Bronze  casting 

Building  trades 


Buttons 
Cabinet  making 


Candles 
Cards 


Sec  Graphic  arts. 

Design,  usually  for  engraving. 

Design  of  shape;  decoration 
of  cover.  Census:  2il  firms; 
8,0 1 8  employed,  of  whom  244 
are  proprietors  and  564  sal- 
aried. See  analysis  of  Nov- 
elties. 

Carpentry.  C86 

Design ;  color. 

See  Metalwork  and  Foundry 
practice.  Census:  163  firms 
making  brass  and  bronze 
products;  4,197  employed,  of 
whom  157  are  proprietors  and 
476  salaried. 

Reading  and  making  working    N484 
drawings. 

Design;  drafting.     Included  in    P76 
Civil  engineering. 

Modeling;  design;  color.    See   C722  ;  P76;  P882 
Foundry   practice    and    analy- 
sis of  Metalwork. 

Bricklaying,  cabinet  making, 
carpentry,  cement  and  con- 
crete, hardware,  interior  dec- 
orating, lighting  fixtures, 
masonry,  painting  and  deco- 
rating, plaster,  plumbing, 
sheet-metal,  stone-cutting, 

structural  ironwork,  terra- 
cotta.    See  these  headings. 

Design ;  occasionally  deco- 
rated by  hand. 

Blue-print  reading  and  mak-  B26;  B791 ;  C722 
ing;  furniture  design;  history  furniture  design 
of  styles.     See  Woodworking,    and  shopwork; 

H35;  M961; 

P882;  P961U; 

V851 

Modeling;  coloring;  mold- 
making. 

Postal,  greeting,  place,  etc. 
Design  for  reproduction;  hand 
coloring;  air-brush  work.  See 
Design,  Commercial,  and 
analysis  of  Novelties. 

[3] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Caricaturing 
Carpentry 


Carpets  and  rugs 

Carriages 
Cartoon 

Cartooning 

Carving 

Case-making 

Casting 

Ceramics 
Chasing 

Chemical  engineering 
Children's  classes 

China  decorating 

Civil  engineering 
Clay-working 


See  Illustrating. 

Blue-print  reading  and  mak- 
ing; geometrical,  mechanical, 
and  freehand  drawing.  See 
Woodworking. 


Design;  color;  technical 
knowledge.  Census :  5  firms ; 
256  employed,  of  whom  7  are 
proprietors  and  34  salaried. 

Drafting.     See  Automobiles. 

The  working  drawing  for 
stained  glass  or  mural  decora- 
tion.    See  Painting,  Mural. 

Drawing  (for  newspapers, 
usually  comic).  See  Illus- 
trating. 

Drawing;  modeling. 


Working  drawings;  color; 
pasting.  Census:  57  firms 
making  jewelry  and  instru- 
ment cases;  878  employed,  of 
whom  66  are  proprietors  and 
76  salaried. 

Drafting;  modeling.  See 
Bronze,  Concrete,  Plaster. 

See  Clay-working. 

Drawing;  modeling.     See 
Metalwork. 

Mechanical  drawing. 


B26;  B791; 
C43a,  f;  G85; 
H35;  M96; 
M961;  N484; 
P76;  P882;  V851 

Design:   C722 ; 
C781;  N481; 
N482;  N483; 
P88 


Wood:   C722, 
F87,  H35,  and 
P88.     Stone:  S02 

M31 


C722;   X483; 
P88 

C721;  P76; 
P882 


Drawing;  design;  painting  in  Ar7;  B71;  G85 ; 

water    colors;    pre-vocational  H39;M56;N3i; 

industrial  arts.     For  children  N483 ;  Un3 
under  14. 


Design;  mineral  painting; 
firing. 

Mechanical  drawing. 


X483;  P88 

C721;  C782;  P76 

Modeling;    drawing;    design;   C722 ;  Et3  pre- 
color;  chemistry.     Census:  10   vocational:   G85 ; 
firms    making   fire-clay   prod-    M72;  N481; 
ucts,     including    pottery     and    N483 ;  P88 
terracotta;   647   employed,   of 
whom  2   are  proprietors  and 
65  salaried. 

1:43 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Clocks 


CIothin<z  trades 


Color 

Color-printing 
Composition 

Concrete 

Confectionery 

Conventionalization 

Cooperage 

Coppersmithing 


Cornice  and  skylight 
work 

Costume — *Design 


Historic 


Mechanical  drawing  of  parts; 
decoration  of  cases.  Census : 
20  firms;  1,576  employed,  of 
whom  8  arc  proprietors  and 
151  salaried. 

All  clothing  for  men,  women, 
and  children,  from  hats  down 
to  shoes,  requires  first  a  de- 
signer and  then  a  draftsman, 
who  is  frequently  also  a  cut- 
ter. Each  line  has  different 
requirements  but  all  need 
some  knowledge  of  drawing, 
some  skill,  and  good  taste. 
See  Costume  Design  and 
Drafting. 

Theory.  For  technical  pro- 
cesses see  Painting. 


Chiefly  learnt  in 
the  trade;  see 
separate  headings 


C722;  C781; 
M46 ;  N483 ; 
N485;  P88;  W27 


See  Printing. 

Theory  and  practice  of  group-  Ar7  ;  C722  ; 
ing  several  figures  or  objects  C781  ;  N21; 
harmoniously.  N483 ;  P88 

Design;  modeling.     See  Clay-    C722 
working. 

Modeling, 

See  Design.  N482 

Design ;  modeling.     See 
Metalwork. 

Design;  modeling;  color.    See 
Metalwork. 

Drafting.     See  Sheet-metal.       N484 

Proportion,  line,  form,  and  C722;P88i; 
color  in  gowns  in  relation  to  W27 
the  individual;  knowledge  of 
materials,  color,  historic 
styles,  and  ability  to  sketch 
valuable  but  not  necessary. 
Highly  paid  workers  rise 
through  the  trade  from  dress- 
makers and  tailors.  See 
Drafting,  Garment. 

For   theatrical    purposes   cos-   C722 ;  N31; 
tumc    design    requires    broad    N483 
education;  technical  ability  in 
drawing   and   painting;    color 
sense. 

1:5  ] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


*Illustration      Drawing;  color;  reproductive  C722 ;  C781 ; 
processes.  H35i;M3i; 

M72;  N481; 
N482;  N483; 
P88;  P96ia,  b,  f, 
1;  W27;  Y81 


Cover  design 


Craft  work 


Criticism,  Art 

Decoration 

Dentistry,  Mechanical 
Design — *AppIied 


^Commercial 


Die  sinking 


Design.      See    Design,    Com-    N482 
mercial. 

Basketry;  bookbinding;  china   B79;  C722 ; 
painting;  clay  modeling;  jew-    N481 ;  N483 
elry;      leatherwork;      metal-    P88;  P96 
work;     pottery;     silversmith- 
ing;    wood-carving,    etc.      All 
require    design    and    technical 
ability.     See  under  each  head- 
ing. 

Aesthetics;  history  of  art; 
technical  ability  valuable.  See 
History  of  Art. 

See  Interior  decorating;  Mod- 
eling; Novelties;  Painting. 

Modeling;  color. 


Theory  and  practice  of  space 
division,  light  and  dark,  and 
color;  decorative  treatment 
of  natural  forms  and  the  ap- 
plication of  decorative  ele- 
ments to  different  materials; 
historic  ornament.  See  each 
industry  for  special  courses. 
Census:  4,075. 

Theory  and  practice  of  de- 
sign, color,  and  lettering  as 
these  relate  to  printing  and 
advertising;  technical  render- 
ing in  various  media;  famil- 
iarity with  methods  of  repro- 
duction. 

Modeling;  engraving.    See 
Metalwork. 


Drafting— *Architectural  Mechanical  and  technical 
drawing  of  plans,  elevations, 
details  of  construction ;  render- 
ing in  water  color;  lettering; 
classic  orders.  See  analysis 
of  Architecture. 


Garment 


Design  and  cutting  for  tailors 
and  dressmakers. 


162 


Sch6 

C69;  C722;  C78; 
C78i;   Et3   pre- 
vocational;  H39; 
H89;M46;M72; 
N481;  N482; 
N483;  N485; 
P88;  P96; 
P961U;  Sa2; 
W27;  Y81 

Ar7;  C722 ;  N31; 
N481;  N482; 

N483 ;  N485 ; 
P88 ;  P96C ;  P96e ; 
P96ia,  q,  w; 
V851;  W27; 
Y8a;  Y81 

B791 ;  C722; 
H35;  P88;  V851 

C69;  C72;  C78; 
H35;  M46;  M96; 
M961;  N482; 
P88;  P961C,  d,  e, 
h,  k,  m,  n,  o,  s,  u, 
w;  S02;  V851 

B791 ;  C722; 
M31;  M96; 
P881;  W27;  Y81 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Geometric  Mechanical    drafting   "to   en-    C69;C72i;P76 

able  students  to  form  mental 
images  of  objects  from  various 
standpoints  before  actually 
depicting  them." 

Marine  Special  technical  knowledge.        M46;  W38 

Mechaiu'cal         Reading  and  making  of  blue-  B26;  B791  ;  C69; 

prints  and  working  drawings;  C721  ;  C78  ;  C782  ; 

tracing;  sketching  details,  de-  H35;H67;  Ai46; 

veloping  them  and  assembling;  M96;  M961  ; 

lettering.        Required     in     all  N484;   P76; 

mechanical    trades    and    prac-  P882;  P96b,  g,  h; 

tically  all  industries.     Special  P961C,  d,  e,  g,  h, 

types  are  listed  under  respcc-  i,  k,  m,  n,  o,  q,  r, 

tivc  subjects.  t,  u,  w;  V851 ; 

Census:  all  draftsmen,  2,933.  Y8a 
See  analysis  of  Architecture. 

Drawing — Freehand  Used  more  or  less  in  all  fine   All  schools 

and  applied  art. 

Antique  From  cast,  usually  with  char-   Ar7 ;  C69;  C72 ; 

coal.  C722;  C78; 

C781;  H89; 
M46;  M72; 
N21;   N482; 
N483;  P88;  S02 
Architectural     Sketching    architectural    sub- 
jects.    See  Architecture. 

Life  Figure,  nude  and  draped,  usu-   Ar7  ;  B71 ;  C722  ; 

allv  with  charcoal.  C78;  C781 ; 

M46;  M72; 
N21;  N481; 
N483;  P88;  S02 

Plant  Usually  in  pencil.  C722;C78i; 

M72;  N481; 
N482;  N483; 
N485;  P88;  W27 

Still-life  Usuallv    in    pencil    and    char-    Ar7,   C722 ; 

coal.     ■  C781;  N21; 

N482;  N483; 
P88;  P96 

Dressmaking  Cutting;  fitting;  sewing.     See    C34a,  b,  c,  d,  f,  g; 

Costume     Design     and     Cos-    C54;C722; 
tumc  Illustration.  F87;   H351;   In7 ; 

M31;  P881; 
W27;  Y81;  Y83 

Dyeing  Color  theory  and  practice;        C722;  P882 

chemistry. 

Editing,  Art  Design;    layout;    typography; 

reproductive  processes;  aes- 
thetics ;  history  of  art. 

1:7: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Electrical  engineering 

Electrical  industries 

Embossing 
Embroidery 


Enameling 


Engineering 


Engraving 


Etching 

Fashion  work 
Feathers 

Films 
Fine  arts 

Flags 

Flower  arrangement 


Mechanical  drawing. 

Drafting,  including  blue-print 
reading,  for  telephone  and 
telegraph  circuits,  switch- 
boards, and  motors. 

See  Design,  Commercial,  and 
Printing. 

Design;  stamping;  transfer- 
ring; use  of  pantograph.  Spe- 
cial designs  and  technique  for 
white  goods;  for  machine  em- 
broidery, knowledge  of  Bonnaz 
machine  and  others. 


C721 ;   C782; 
P76;  P882 

B26;  C721 ;  EI2; 
M46;  M96; 
N48+;  P76:  P882 


Design:  C722; 
H351  ;  M31  ; 
P88i;Y8i.  Hand 
work:  C43a,  c,  d, 
e,  f;  C86;  Iny ; 
P37;  Scu6; 
Y8i;Y83.     Ma- 
chine work:  C43C 
and  M31 

C722 ;  X483 ; 
P88 


Design;  color;  different  tech- 
niques on  metal,  wood,  etc. 
See  Metalwork  and  Novel- 
ties. Census:  11  firms  doing 
enameling  and  japanning;  67 
emplo)fed,  of  whom  13  are 
proprietors  and  4  salaried. 

Mechanical    drawing    for    ar-    B26;  C721  ;  C78; 
chitectural,      chemical,      civil,    C782 ;  M46; 
electrical,    fire,    gas,    marine,    P76;  P882 
mining,  municipal,  naval,  rail- 
road,    sanitary,     steam,     and 
water  engineers.     See  Draft- 
ing. 

Freehand  drawing;  composi-  C722 ;  P88 
tion ;  color;  chemistry.  Tech- 
nical processes  vary  when  en- 
graving on  copper,  steel, 
glass,  or  wood  ;  photo-engrav- 
ing, engraving  rolls  for  print- 
ing fabrics  or  wall-paper. 

Freehand    drawing;    composi-   Ar7 ;  C722 ;  X21 
tion ;  color ;  chemistry. 

See  Costume  Illustration. 


Color, 
ficial. 


See    Flowers,    Arti- 


See  Moving  pictures. 

See     Architecture;    Illustrat- 
ing; Painting;  Sculpture. 

See  Badges. 

Design ;  color. 

[8] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  IVIUSEUM  OF  ART 


Flower  painting 
Flowers,  Artificial 


Forging 
Foundry  practice 


Frames 


Furniture— Designing 


Making 


Salesmanship 

Gardening 

Garment  drafting 
Geometric   drafting 
Gilding 


See  Painting,  Flower. 

Color;  modeling;  drawing.  Y8i 
Census:  312  firms  making  ar- 
tificial flowers  and  feathers; 
9,759  employed,  of  whom  411 
are  proprietors  and  899  sal- 
aried. 

Design  ;  modeling.     See  C722  ;  N484; 

Mctalwork.  P76;  P882 

Modeling;  design;  technical  C722;  P76;  P882 
processes,  including  prepara- 
tion of  sand  molds,  metal  and 
wooden  patterns,  pouring,  and 
cleaning  castings.  Census: 
923  firms  which  are  foundries 
and  make  "machine  shop 
products";  29,200  employed, 
of  whom  758  are  proprietors 
and  4,428  salaried.  See  analy- 
sis of  Metahvork. 

Design;  modeling;  carving. 
Census:  115  firms  making  pic- 
ture and  looking-glass  frames; 
1,509  employed,  of  whom  122 
are  proprietors  and  207  sal- 
aried. 

Freehand   drawing;   mechani-    C722 
cal  drafting,  with  special  ref- 
erence to  construction  details; 
color;  pattern  making;  deco- 
rative styles. 

Reading  of  working  draw- 
ings; cabinet-making;  carving; 
upholstery.  Census:  406 
firms  making  furniture  and 
refrigerators;  9,878 employed, 
of  whom  464  are  proprietors 
and  1,000  salaried. 

Interior     decoration,     simpli-    \'8b 
fied ;  historic  styles. 

Composition;  color;  landscape 
gardening  simplified. 

See  Drafting,  Garment. 

See  Drafting,  Geometric. 

Color;  special  technique  for 
wood,  metal,  glass,  etc.  See 
Painting,  Decorative. 

1:9:] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  IVIUSEUM  OF  ART 


Glass 


Goldsmithing 

Graining 
Graphic  arts 


Guns 


Hammering 
Hardware 


Heraldry 
History  of  Art 


Horology 


Blown,  cut,  engraved,  leaded.   Design:  C722 ; 
mosaic,    painted,    stained — all    C781;  N481  ; 
need  design.     Census:  9  firms    N482 ;  N483; 
making   glass;    948    employed    P88 
with  3  proprietors  and  61  sal- 
aried.     Glass    cutting,    stain- 
ing,    and     ornamenting,     iii 
firms;     2,360     employed,     of 
whom     126     are     proprietors 
and     182    salaried;    value    of 
product  $3,448,000,  more  than 
half   being   due   to   manufac- 
ture. 

Design;       modeling;       color;    P88 
chemistry.  See       Jewelry, 

Metalwork,  Silversmlthing. 

See  Staining. 

Design  and  color  for  re- 
production. See  Design, 
Commercial;  Bookbinding; 
Block-printing;  Color-print- 
ing; Embossing;  Engraving; 
Etching;  Illuminating;  Illus- 
trating; Lettering;  Lithog- 
raphy; Photo-engraving; 
Printing;  Typography. 

Mechanical  drafting.  See 
Metalwork.  The  best  guns 
are  entirely  made  by  hand, 
but  the  majority  are  stamped 
out  by  machinery  and  fin- 
ished by  hand. 

See  Metalwork. 

Design;  pattern-making.  See 
Metalwork.  Classed  as:  ar- 
chitectural, cutlery,  flat-ware, 
gates  and  railings,  handles 
and  hinges,  hollow-ware, 
heating  appliances,  lighting 
fixtures,  locks  and  keys. 

Design;  color;  heraldic  his- 
tory. 

Lectures;   visits   to   galleries;  B63 ;  B79;  C72 : 

pencil  sketching  to  train  sense  C722 ;  C781  ; 

of  appreciation;  principles  of  M56;N2i; 

design,  color,  and  decoration;  N482 ;  N483 ; 

periods  of   art   as   related   to  P88;  P96d 
history. 

See  Clocks. 

CioH 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


House-painting— Interior   Theory    of    color;    chemistry   B26;  N484;  S02 
■And    mixing    of    paints;    free- 
hand   painting    of    ornament; 
designing  and  cutting  of  sten- 
cils;   preparation    of    plaster 
walls  and  kalsomining;  stain- 
ing, graining,  and  finishing  of 
wood ;     technique     of     fresco, 
oil,  and  water  colors. 
Exterior  Theory    of    color;    chemistry    B26;  N484 
and  mixing  o^  paints. 

Household  design  Sec  Interior  decorating. 

Illuminating  Drawing;    design;   color;    ty-   C722 

pography;  special  technique. 

Illustrating  Drawing;   painting;   composi-  Ary;  C722  ;  C781  ; 

tion;  design;  lettering;   anat-  IVI72;  N21; 

omy;    history    of    art;    repro-  N481 ;  N482 ; 

ductive    methods.      See    also  N483  ;  P88 ;  Y8a ; 

Costume  Illustration;  Design,  Y81 
Commercial. 

Instruments  Reading  and  making  of  work-    H35 

ing  drawings;  geometrical 
drawing;  lettering.  Census: 
63  firms  making  professional 
and  scientific  instruments; 
1,358  employed,  of  whom  55 
are  proprietors  and  222  sal- 
aried. 

Interior   decorating  *Application   of   laws   of  color   C722  (degree)  ; 

and  design;  knowledge  of  ma-    C781 ;  M72; 
terials     such     as    wall-paper,    N481 ;  N482 ; 
carpets,   hangings,   etc.;   prin-   N483 ;  P88; 
ciples    of    constructive    design    P96i;Y8b 
as  applied  to  furniture;  deco- 
rative    styles;     rendering     of 
sketches;      detailed      working 
drawings. 

Iron — Architectural  See  Drafting,  Architectural. 

Ornamental  See  Metalwork. 

Structural  See  Drafting,  Mechanical. 

Wrought  See  Forging. 

Jacquard  design  See  Textiles. 

Jewelry  Design;       modeling;       color;   C43e;  C722 ; 

chemistry;  numerous  pro-  N48i;N483; 
cesses  requiring  special  tech-  N485 ;  P88 
nical  training.  Census:  438 
firms;  6,668  employed,  of 
whom  553  are  proprietors 
and  1,076  salaried.  See 
analysis  of  Metalwork. 

da 


1 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Glass 


Goldsmithing 

Graining 
Graphic  arts 


Guns 


Hammering 
Hardware 


Heraldry 
Historv  of  Art 


Horology 


Blown,  cut,  engraved,  leaded.    Design:  C722 ; 
mosaic,    painted,    stained — all    C781;  N481  ; 
need  design.     Census:  9  firms    N482 ;  N483; 
making   glass;    948    employed    P88 
with  3  proprietors  and  61  sal- 
aried.     Glass    cutting,    stain- 
ing,    and     ornamenting,     1 1 1 
firms;     2,360     employed,     of 
whom     126     are     proprietors 
and     182    salaried;    value    of 
product  $3,448,000,  more  than 
half    being    due    to    m.anufac- 
ture. 

Design;       modeling;       color;    P88 
chemistry.  See       Jewelry, 

Metalwork,  Silversmithing. 

See  Staining. 

Design  and  color  for  re- 
production. See  Design, 
Commercial;  Bookbinding; 
Block-printing;  Color-print- 
ing; Embossing;  Engraving; 
Etching;  Illuminating;  Illus- 
trating; Lettering;  Lithog- 
raphy; Photo-engraving; 
Printing;  Typography. 

Mechanical  drafting.  See 
Metalwork.  The  best  guns 
are  entirely  made  by  hand, 
but  the  majority  are  stamped 
out  by  machinery  and  fin- 
ished by  hand. 

See  Metalwork. 

Design;  pattern-making.  See 
Metalwork.  Classed  as:  ar- 
chitectural, cutlery,  flat-ware, 
gates  and  railings,  handles 
and  hinges,  hollow-ware, 
heating  appliances,  lighting 
fixtures,  locks  and  keys. 

Design;  color;  heraldic  his- 
tory. 

Lectures;   visits   to   galleries;  B63 ;  B79;  C72 

pencil  sketching  to  train  sense  C722 ;  C781 ; 

of  appreciation;  principles  of  M56;  N21; 

design,  color,  and  decoration;  N482 ;  N483 ; 

periods   of   art   as   related   to  P88;  P96d 
history. 

Sec  Clocks. 


)i    ^ 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


House-painting— Interior   Theory    of    color;    chemistry   B26;  N484;  S02 
and    mixing:    of    paints;    free- 
hand   paintinj^;    of    ornament; 
designing  and  cutting  of  sten- 
cils;   preparation    of    plaster 
walls  and  kalsomining;  stain- 
ing, graining,  and  finishing  of 
wood ;     technique     of     fresco, 
oil,  and  water  colors. 
Exterior  Theory    of    color;    chemistry    B26;  N484 
and  mixing  0^  paints. 

See  Interior  decorating. 

Drawing;   design;   color;    ty-   C722 
pography;  special  technique. 

Drawing;   painting;  composi-  Ar7;  C722 ;  C781 ; 

tion;  design;  lettering;   anat-  M72;  N21; 

omy;   history   of    art;    repro-  N48i;N482; 

ductive    methods.      See    also  N483 ;  P88;  Y8a ; 

Costume  Illustration;  Design,  Y81 
Commercial. 


Household  design 
Illuminating 

Illustrating 


Instruments 


Reading  and  making  of  work-  H35 
ing  drawings;  geometrical 
drawing;  lettering.  Census: 
63  firms  making  professional 
and  scientific  instruments; 
1,358  employed,  of  whom  55 
are  proprietors  and  222  sal- 
aried. 


Interior  decorating 


Iron — Architectural 
Ornamental 
Structural 
Wrought 

Jacquard  design 

Jewelry 


*Application  of  laws  of  color 
and  design ;  knowledge  of  ma- 
terials such  as  wall-paper, 
carpets,  hangings,  etc.;  prin- 
ciples of  constructive  design 
as  applied  to  furniture;  deco- 
rative styles;  rendering  of 
sketches;  detailed  working 
drawings. 

See  Drafting,  Architectural. 

See  Metalwork. 

See  Drafting,  ^^lechanical. 

See  Forging. 

See  Textiles. 

Design;  modeling;  color; 
chemistry;  numerous  pro- 
cesses requiring  special  tech- 
nical training.  Census:  438 
firms;  6,668  employed,  of 
whom  553  are  proprietors 
and  1,076  salaried.  See 
analysis  of  Metalwork. 

DO 


C722  (degree) 
C781;  M72; 
N481;  N482; 
N483;  P88; 
P96i ;  Y8b 


C43e;  C722; 
N481;  N483; 
N485;  P88 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Joinery 


Blue-print   reading  and  male-    B26;  B791;  H35; 
ing;  mechanical  drawing.    See    M96;  M961 
Woodworking. 


Labels  and  trade-marks      See  Design,  Commercial 
Lace 


Lacquering 

Lamp  and  candle  shades 

Landscape  architecture 
Landscape  painting 
Lantern  slides 

Lapidary  work 

Layout 

Leather 

Lecturing 
Lettering 


Lighting  fixtures 


Linoleum 

Linoleum  block-printing 

Lithography 

Locksmithing 
Machines — Designing 


Design    for    both    hand    and    Design:  N482 
machine  made,  including  cur-    and  P96i.     Hand- 
tains;  making  by  hand.  made:  H351; 

P37;   P881:   and 

Scu6 

Design;  color.     See  Painting, 
Decorative,  and  Enameling. 

Design.     See  analysis  of  Nov-   M31 
elties. 

Design;  color;  horticulture. 

See  Painting. 

Coloring  by  hand.     See  Pho- 
tography. 

Modeling;  design.    See  analy-   C722 ;  N481  ; 
sis  of  Jewelry  under  Metal-    N483 ;  P88 
work. 

Drawing;    design.      See    Cos-    N483;W27 
tume     Illustration     and     De- 
sign, Commercial. 

Design;   color;   tooling;   tan-   C722 ;   F87 ; 
ning.     See  Bookbinding.  N483  ;  P88  ;  P882 

tanning 

See  Criticism,  Art. 

Design;      special      technique.    B26;  C722  ;  H89; 
See       Design,       Commercial;    M96;  M961  ; 
Drafting,    Architectural    and   N3i;N48i; 
Mechanical;  Show-card  writ-    N482 ;  N483 ; 
ing;  Sign-painting.  N484;  P88 ;  P96; 

P961S;  W27 

Design.        See      Metalwork.   C722 
Census:  149  firms;  5,900  em- 
ployed, of  whom  127  are  pro- 
prietors and  916  salaried. 

Design.     See  Oilcloth. 

Design.  C722 

Freehand  drawing;  color.    See   M96 
Design,  Commercial. 

Design.     See  Metalwork. 

Design    of    detailed    parts    of   C721;  C782 ; 
steam  and  gas  engines.  H67 ;  P76;   P882 

1:12] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Drafting 


Managing  art  depart- 
ment 


Marble-cutting 

Marbling 
Marine  drafting 
Masonry 

Mechanical  drawing 
Metalwork 


Millinery 


Miniature  painting 
Modeling — General 


Architectural 
Decorative 


Mold-making 
Mosaic 


M96 


M96;  N481; 
N484;  V851 


C721 ;  C722; 
F87;   H35; 
N48i;  N483; 
N484;  N485; 
P76;  P88;  P882 


Blue-print  reading  and   mak-  B26;  C721 ; 

ing;    sketching    and    develop-  C782 ;    II67; 

ing  details  of  cams,  gears,  and  M46;    P76;    P882 
other  devices;  assembling. 

Executive  ability  in  supervis- 
ing and  buying  commercial 
design;  theory  of  design  and 
color;  technical  ability  valu- 
able but  not  necessary. 

Mechanical  drawing.  See 
Masonry  and  Stone-cutting. 

See  Staining. 

See  Drafting,  Marine. 

Mechanical  drawing.  See 
Drafting,  IMechanical. 

See  Drafting,  Mechanical. 

*Design;  modeling;  mechani- 
cal drafting.  See  Blacksmith- 
ing;  Boiler-making;  Brass- 
working;  Bronze  casting; 
Forging;  Foundry  practice; 
Goldsmithing;  Hardware; 
Jewelry ;  Silversmithing. 

Design;    color.      Frame-mak-  C43b,  c,  d,  f,  g; 

ing    is    a    separate    industry-.  C54;   C722 ; 

Less  skill  required  in  needle-  H351;    In7; 

work    than    for    dressmaking,  M31;  P881 ; 

but  more  artistic  taste.  Y81 ;  Y83 

See  Painting. 

Drawing;  design;  composi- 
tion; modeling  in  relief  and 
in  the  round  from  the  figure 
and  decorative  forms;  anat- 
omy; construction  of  arma- 
tures; casting;  enlarging; 
history  of  art.  See  Sculpture. 
The  above  and  architectural 
styles. 

The  above  with  special  work 
in  adaptation  of  natural  forms 
to  decoration;  decorative 
styles.  For  potters,  plaster- 
ers, stone  cutters,  metal 
workers,  die  makers,  etc. 

See  Pattern  making. 

Design;      color.        Technical    C781  ;  N481 
process   varies    little   whether   N482 
clay,  glass,  or  wood. 


Atj;  C722; 
C78;  C781; 
M46;  M72; 
N21;  N481; 
P961V 


Ar7;  :\l46; 
M481 ;  S02 
C781;  M46; 
N48i:  P88; 
S02;  V851 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Moving  pictures 

Mural  painting 
Musical  instruments 
Naval   architecture 
Needlework,  Artistic 
Normal  training 
Novelties 


Object  drawing 

Oilcloth 

Oil  painting 

Optical  goods 

Ornament,  Historic 

Pageantry 

Paint  manufacture 


Painting — Academic 


Animal 
Architectural 

Ceramic 
Decorative 


Design;  color.  See  Scene 
painting;  Costume  design. 

See  Painting,  Mural. 
See  Furniture. 
See  Architecture,  Naval. 
See  Embroidery. 
See  Teaching  art. 
*Design ;     application     of     the 
decoration    by    hand,    usually 
by  painting  and  pasting.    Cen- 
sus: 156  firms  making  "fanc}' 
articles";  3,649  employed,  of 
whom     172     are     proprietors 
and   532   salaried;  value  $6,- 
987,000,      nearly      two-thirds 
due  to  manufacture. 

See  Drawing,  Freehand. 

Design. 

See  Painting. 

Mechanical  drafting. 

See  Styles,  Historic. 

See  Stage-craft. 

Color;  chemistry.  Census: 
113  firms;  4,319  employed,  of 
whom  60  are  proprietors  and 
1,457  salaried. 

Preparation  for  painting  of 
easel  pictures.  Drawing 
from  antique,  life  and  still- 
life;  perspective;  anatomy; 
color  theory  and  chemistry 
with  technical  work  in  oil  and 
water  color;  composition; 
aesthetics;  history  of  art. 

Same  requirements  as  Aca- 
demic. 

Rendering  of  plans  and 
schemes  for  exteriors  and  in- 
teriors, usually  in  water 
color. 

Mineral  colors  on  glass  and 
porcelain. 

Design  applied  as  in  enamel- 
ing, gilding,  lacquering,  nov- 
elties, stenciling,  block-print- 
ing, etc. ;  see  these. 


[14] 


C781;  F87; 
H351;  M31; 
N481;  N482; 
N483;  P88;  P96; 
W27;  Y81 


N482 


C722 


Ar7;  C722 ; 
M72;  N21 ; 
N483;  P88 


C722 

C72;  C722; 
C781;  M72; 
N481;  N482; 
N483 ;  P88 : 
P96i;  S02;  Y8 

N483 

C722;  C781; 
F87;  H351; 
M31 ;  M72; 

N481;  N482; 
N483;  P88; 
W27;  Y81 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Figure 

Flower 
Genre 

House 
Landscape 

Life 

Miniature 

Mural 


Portrait 

Poster 

Scene 

Sign 
Still-Iife 


Paper  goods 


Parasols 


Pasting 

Patent  office  drafting 

Patina 


Draped  model. 


Chiefly  in  water  color. 


All   academic  and 
B71 ;  C722; 
C781;  N481; 
XN482;  W27 

All  academic  and 
N482 


All  academic  and 
N481 

Ar7 


Figure  subjects,  story-telling; 
same  requirements  as  Aca- 
demic. 

See  House  painting. 

Same    requirements    as    Aca-   Ar7;  C722;  N21 
demic. 

Nude  figure. 

Usually  in  water  color  on 
ivory. 

Drawing;  perspective  with  Ar7;  M72;  N21 
special  reference  to  location  N481 ;  S02 
of  the  decoration;  color  theory 
and  chemistry ;  and  all  other 
requirements  of  academic 
painting,  of  which  this  is  the 
highest  type,  the  decoration 
being  planned  to  fill  a  given 
space.  See  Painting,  Aca- 
demic. 

Same  requirements  as  Aca- 
demic. 


Ar7;  C781 ; 
M72;  N21  ; 
N483;  P88 


All  academic  and 
B71;  C781;  P96 


See  Posters  and  Design, 
Commercial. 

^e  Scene  painting. 

See  Sign-painting. 

Same  requirements  as  Aca- 
demic but  more  elementary. 

Boxes,  cards,  stationery,  etc., 
decorated  in  part  or  wholly 
by  hand.     See  Novelties. 

Modeling  for  handles;  design    P96i 
for  covering  and  occasionally 
hand  decoration  as  Novelties. 

Required  for  Novelties.  M31 

See  Drafting,  Mechanical.         M46 

Coloring   of   metals.      Color;   C722 ;  P88 
chemistry. 

[15: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

Pattern  making  Reading  and  making  of  work-   C722  ;  C782  ; 

ing  drawings;  freehand  sketch-   H35  ;  H67; 
ing;       mechanical       drawing;   N484;  P76; 
drafting     details;     modeling;    P882 ;  \"85i 
special     technique     of     metal, 
plaster  and  wood  molds.   Cen- 
sus: 96  firms  making  models 
and  patterns;  1,094  employed, 
of  whom   no  are  proprietors 
and   130  salaried.     See  analy- 
sis of  Metalwork. 

Pen-and-ink  drawing  Special^  technique.      See    De- 

sign, Commercial,  and  Cos- 
tume Illustration. 

Pencil  drawing  Special  technique.  C722 ;  P96 

Period  decoration  Historic  style  in  furniture  and 

ornament.    See  Styles. 

Perspective  Representation  of  solid  objects    B79i;C69; 

upon  a  flat  surface.  C72  ;  C722  ; 

C781;  M961; 
N21;  N482; 
P88;  P882 

Photo-engraving  Freehand     drawing;     photog-   \'85i;W58 

raphy;  air-brush  and  free- 
hand retouching.  Census:  46 
firms;  1,517  employed,  of 
whom  25  are  proprietors  and 
305  salaried. 

Photography  Composition  ;  chemistry ;  oper-   B79;  C722  ;  W58 

ating;  retouching;  mounting; 
coloring.  See  Novelties  for 
coloring.     Census:  2,427. 

Plan  reading  See  Working  drawings. 

Plaster  See  Modeling,  Decorative.         X484  cornicing 

Plastic  arts  See  Modeling. 

Plumbing  Working  drawings  with  spe-   B26;  I\'l96i ; 

cial    reference    to    steam,    hot   N484:  \85i 
water  and  gas. 

Porcelain  See  Clay-working. 

Postcards  See  Novelties. 

Posters  See  Design,  Commercial.  Ar7 ;  C722 : 

M72;  N31; 
N481:  N482; 
N483 ;  P88 ; 
P96C,  h;  W27 

Pottery  See  Clay-working.  G85  ;  N483  ;  P88 

[16: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Printing: 


Repousse 
Salesmanship 
Sample  mounting 
Sanitary  engineering 
Scene  painting 


Sculpture 

Sewing 

Sheet-mctal 

Ship-building 

Show-card  writing 

Sign-painting 

Silversmithing 


Sketching 


Type  arrangement;  light  and 
dark;  lettering;  working 
drawings.  See  Design,  Com- 
mercial. Census:  2,883  print- 
ers and  publishers;  74,118 
employed,  of  whom  2,352  are 
proprietors  and  23,444  sal- 
aried. 

See  Jewelry. 

Design;  color;  composition. 
Color;  pasting. 
IMechanical   drawing. 

Design;  color;  requirements 
of  the  academic  and  mural 
painter  and  of  the  commercial 
designer. 

Modeling;  drawing;  composi- 
tion ;  anatomy ;  aesthetics ; 
history  of  art;  technical  abil- 
ity of  the  highest  order. 

See  Dressmaking;  Embroid- 
ery. 

Mechanical  drafting. 

Drafting  of  special  type 
known  as  marine.  Census: 
71  firms  of  ship  and  boat 
builders;  4,328  employed,  of 
whom  66  are  proprietors  and 
240  salaried. 

Design;  lettering;  freehand 
and  mechanical  drawing;  ty- 
pography; special  pen-and-ink 
technique.  See  analysis  of 
Commercial  Design. 

Design;  color;  lettering;  lay- 
out; preparation  of  surfaces 
— wood,  metal,  glass,  oil- 
cloth, canvas.  See  analysis  of 
Commercial  Design. 

Design;  modeling;  hammer- 
ing and  other  processes.  See 
analysis  of  Metalwork.  Cen- 
sus: 42  firms;  1,852  em- 
ployed, of  whom  43  are  pro- 
prietors and  368  salaried. 

Quick  drawing,  usually  in 
pencil. 


B26;   B791; 
C43C;   M96; 
M961;  N484; 
Sch7;  V851 


Y8 
M31 

C721 ;  P76 
C722;  N31 


Ar7;  C78;  N21 


B26;  M46; 
N484;  V851 
M46;  W38 


M96;  M961; 
V851 


B26;  C43C,  g; 
M96;  M961; 
N484;  Sa2; 
V851 

C722;  N481; 

N483 ;  N485  ; 
P88 


Ar7;  C722 ; 
H89;  N481; 
X482;  N483; 
W27 


C173 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Stage-craft 

Staining 
Stamping 

Stamps,  Hand 


Stationery 
Stenciling 

Stone,  Artificial 


Stone-cutting 

Stone-setting 
Stoves  and  furnaces 

Styles,  Historic 


Surveying 
Tailoring 
Teaching  Art 


B26 
M31 


Design;    composition;    color;   C722 ;  N31 
aesthetics.    Includes  stage  set- 
ting,   costume    design,    scene 
painting. 

Color;  design.  EfFects  on 
wood,  stone,  metal,  etc. 

Design ;  perforation  and  trans- 
fer of  patterns  for  embroid- 
ery, etc. 

Lettering.  See  Design,  Com- 
mercial. Census:  46  firms 
making  hand  stamps,  stencils 
and  brands ;  436  employed,  of 
whom  45  are  proprietors  and 
75  salaried. 

See  Design,  Commercial; 
Novelties. 


Design;  cutting  of  stencil; 
color  theory;  application  of 
color. 

Design;  modeling;  reading 
and  making  of  working  draw- 
ings for  cement,  concrete, 
etc.  Census:  24  firms;  266 
employed,  of  whom  13  are 
proprietors  and  26  salaried. 

Design;  modeling;  lettering; 
reading  and  making  of  work- 
ing drawings. 

See  Jew^elry. 

Design.  See  Mctalwork. 
Census:  23  firms;  1,342  em- 
ployed, of  whom  17  are  pro- 
prietors and  202  salaried. 

Architectural  orders,  decora- 
tive styles  and  historic  orna- 
ment. Lectures;  museum 
study;  adaptation.  Necessary 
for  architects  and  interior 
decorators  and  valuable  for 
all  designers. 

See  Topography. 

See  Drafting,  Garment. 

Normal  course  in  one  or 
more  of  the  phases  of  the  fine, 
applied,  and  industrial  arts 
for  elementary,  secondary, 
vocational,  and  trade  schools. 
See  also  each  industry. 

[18] 


C722;  X31;  P88 
C722;  P88 


M96;  N481; 
S02;  V851 


C72;  C722; 
C781;  M46; 
N482;  N483; 
P88;  S02 


C69;  C722;  H89; 
N483:  N485; 
P88 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Technical  drawing 


1  empcra 

Icrracotta 
Textiles 


Tinsmithing 
Tools 


Topography 
Toys  and  games 


Tracing 

Trunks  and  bags 
Turning 
Typefounding 


Typography 

Umbrellas 
Upholstery 


Vise-work 


Illustration  adapted  to  a  spe- 
cial purpose.  See  each  in- 
dustry. 

Opaque    water    color,     mucli    1X485 ;  Wi 7 
used  by  designers. 

Modeling.    Sec  Clay-working. 

Design;  color;  preparation  of 
Jacquard  cards;  engraving  of 
blocks  for  printing.  Adapta- 
tion of  design  for  carpets  and 
rugs,  cotton  and  woolen  goods, 
linen  (none  manufactured  in 
the  United  States),  wide  silks 
and  ribbons,  lace  curtains  and 
yard  lace,  braids,  embroidery, 
tapestry,  etc. 

See  Sheet-metal. 


N481;  S02;  V851 

Design:  C722 ; 
C781;  N481; 
N482;  N483; 
P88 


Freehand 
drawing; 
Mctalwork. 


H67 


Reading  and  making  working 
drawings;  mechanical  draft- 
ing; pattern  and  mold  mak- 
ing. 

Mechanical  drawing  adapted 
to  surveying. 

See  analysis  of  Novelties. 
Census:  59  firms;  1,284  em- 
ployed, of  whom  61  are  pro- 
prietors and  128  salaried. 

See  Working  drawings. 

See  Leather. 

See  Woodworking. 

Design;  lettering.  See  Print- 
ing. Census:  23  typefound- 
ers and  makers  of  printers' 
materials;  260  employed,  of 
whom  17  are  proprietors  and 
54  salaried. 

Design  as  applied  to  printing. 
See  Graphic  arts  and  Print- 
ing. 

See  Parasols. 

Design;  color;  working  draw- 
ings ;  sewing ;  knowledge  of 
textiles  including  braid,  cord, 
and  fringe.  See  Interior 
decorating. 

and       mechanical    P76 
modeling.         See 


C791;   H35: 
P882 


C69;  C782; 
M46;  P76 


CiQ] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


Wagons 
Wall-paper 


Watches 
Water-color  painting 

Weaving,  Hand 

Wigs 

Window  dressing 

Woodcarving 
Woodworking 


Working  drawings 


Writing,  Art 


See  Automobiles. 

Design;  color;  engraving  of 
the  blocks;  printing.  Census: 
7  firms;  8ii  employed,  of 
whom  2  are  proprietors  and 
143  salaried. 

Engraving  for  cases.     See 
Clocks. 

Special  technique  used  for 
easel  pictures  and  for  nov- 
elties. 

Design;  color;  dyeing;  tech- 
nical process. 

Color. 

Design;  color.  See  Design, 
Commercial,  and  Salesman- 
ship. 

See  Carving. 

Reading  and  making  of  work- 
ing drawings;  modeling  for 
turners  and  pattern  makers; 
color  for  staining.  See  Cabi- 
net making,  Carpentry,  Fur- 
niture, Joinery.  Census:  82 
firms  devoted  to  wood  turn- 
ing and  carving;  1,012  em- 
ployed, of  whom  104  are  pro- 
prietors and  80  salaried. 

Reading  of  working  drawings, 
which  are  usually  blue-prints, 
is  necessary  for  every  me- 
chanic; making  of  these  draw- 
ings is  also  frequently  re- 
quired. See  Drafting,  ]\Ie- 
chanical. 

See  Criticism,  Art. 


T22 

Design:  C722 ; 
N481;   N482; 
N483 


B79;  C722;  P88 


B26;  B791; 
C722;  H35; 
In7;  M96; 
M961;  P96h; 
V851 


B26;  B791;  C78: 
C782;  H35; 
IM46;  M96; 
M961;  N484; 
P76;  P882;  Y8a 


[20] 


ANALYSES  OF  INDUSTRIES 

ARCHITECTURE 

Tin-  architect  prepares  the  design  and  working  drawings  for  buildings 
and  superintends  the  construction  in  accordance  with  his  design.  An 
architectural  Hrm  is  usually  composed  of  several  members,  some  special- 
izing in  design  and  others  devoting  their  attention  to  the  more  scientific 
and  practical  side ;  a  staff,  which  may  include  superintendents  of  different 
departments  such  as  construction,  engineering,  landscape  gardening,  esti- 
mates and  specifications,  and  a  number  of  draftsmen.  The  work  of  the 
architect  is  exacting  and  his  responsibilities  are  very  great ;  on  the  other 
hand,  it  is  a  profession  of  the  highest  standing  and  there  are  opportunities 
for  ad\  ancement. 

The  designer  studies  and  determines  the  salient  features  of  the  exterior 
and  interior  plans.  A  course  of  from  two  to  six  years  in  an  architectural 
school  gives  training  which  leads  first  to  the  place  of  assistant  in  an  archi- 
tect's office,  then  to  a  responsible  position  or  the  establishment  of  inde- 
pendent offices.  The  preparation  requires  much  work  in  exterior  and 
interior  design  involving  architectural  drafting  and  rendering;  freehand 
drawing  and  color  work;  modeling;  mathematics  and  strength  of  ma- 
terials; and  history  of  all  the  arts.  A  liberal  education  is  of  the  greatest 
value.  The  earnings  of  the  practising  architect  are  variable  and  may 
range  from  $i,ooo  to  $10,000  a  year,  while  a  few  prominent  firms  make 
more.  The  minimum  fee,  named  as  professional  by  the  American  Insti- 
tute of  Architects,  is  6  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  the  building. 

Architectural  construction  is  closely  allied  to  engineering.  It  requires 
knowledge  of  materials,  ability  to  prepare  specifications,  and  the  powder 
of  handling  men.  The  superintendent  of  construction  is  sometimes 
merely  a  capable  draftsman  with  thorough  familiarity  w^th  the  building 
trades.     Such  a  man  receives  from  $1,500  to  $2,500  a  year. 

The  largest  number  of  men  are  employed  as  draftsmen.  This  work 
requires  mechanical  and  freehand  drawing,  preparation  of  plans  and 
innumerable  detailed  drawings,  lettering,  etc.  A  boy  of  14  may  find 
a  place  as  errand  boy  in  an  architect's  office  at  $3  to  $6  a  week  and  if 
he  shows  an  interest  will  be  permitted  to  make  tracings  and  gradually 
advance.  His  rise  will  be  much  more  rapid,  however,  if  he  takes  a 
course  of  one  to  two  years  in  one  of  the  schools  or  ateliers  that  teach 
architectural  drafting,  or  at  least  attends  the  evening  classes,  of  which 
there  are  many  in  New  York.  The  average  pay  for  a  good  draftsman 
is  $15  to  $30  a  week  and  occasionally  $50. 

A  young  man  entering  any  of  the  building  trades  needs  an  elementary 
knowledge  of  drawing  and  the  training  received  in  the  drafting  room 
quickens  his  reasoning  powers  and  enables  him  to  work  with  greater 
accuracy.  It  is  absolutely  necessary  that  all  mechanics  should  be  able  to 
read  working  drawings  used  in  their  respective  trades,  and  to  make  them 

[21: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

as  occasion  requires.  A  practical  method  of  teaching  how  to  make  work- 
ing drawings  is  developed  at  the  Baron  de  Hirsch  Trade  School.  The 
latter  part  of  the  term  is  devoted  to  work  on  house  plans.  Plans  of  a 
building  are  made  by  all  departments.  After  the  bricklayers,  masons,  and 
carpenters  have  done  their  part,  the  plumbers  add  the  plumbing  details : 
the  electricians,  the  location  of  lights;  the  engineers,  the  location  of 
radiators  for  steam  or  hot  water  heating;  and  the  sheet-metal  workers, 
the  location  of  furnace  pipes,  or  those  for  a  ventilating  system. 


COSTUME  DESIGN 

All  clothing  for  men,  women,  and  children  from  hats  down  to  shoes 
requires  first  a  designer,  then  a  draftsman,  and  next  a  cutter  before  the 
actual  sewing  is  begun.  "Designing  is  the  one  phase  that  calls  for  indi- 
vidual ability  and  originality.  To  be  a  successful  designer  a  man  or 
woman  must  be  quick  to  see  the  trend  of  fashions,  clever  in  adapting  new 
ideas,  and  skilled  in  combining  materials  and  colors.  The  designer  sel- 
dom does  the  sewing  but  has  a  sample  operator,  a  draper,  and  sometimes 
a  finisher  to  carry  out  the  work  planned.  Designing  is  distinctly  an 
art  and  to  succeed  there  must  be  talent  for  good  line  in  garments  com- 
bined with  practical  application.  The  worker  who  becomes  a  designer 
brings  a  knowledge  of  the  construction  of  a  garment  that  is  a  very 
valuable  asset. 

''Cutting  is  done  exclusively  by  men.  For  this  work  there  is  a  greater 
amount  of  technical  knowledge  required  than  for  any  other  branch  of 
the  trade.  The  work  of  cutting  has  four  divisions:  pattern  making, 
pattern  grading,  cloth  marking,  and  cloth  cutting.  The  first  two  of 
these  occupations  require  substantial  knowledge  of  drafting  which  has  a 
distinct  scientific  foundation.  In  some  shops  the  four  classes  of  workers 
are  used ;  but  in  small  establishments  the  pattern  maker  frequently  does 
his  own  grading  and  the  marker  docs  the  cutting."  ^ 


COSTUME  ILLUSTRATION 

Costume  illustration-  is  a  phase  of  commercial  art  that  offers  many 
opportunities  to  capable  workers,  both  men  and  women.  The  prepara- 
tion requires  much  drawing,  both  from  the  nude  and  from  the  draped 
model,  and  great  technical  ability  in  the  reproduction  of  textures  and 
the  handling  of  the  different  media— pen-and-ink,  wash,  and  color. 

There  are  several  distinct  branches  of  the  work.  Costume  sketching, 
which  consists  simply  of  copying  the  object  seen,  is  much  in  demand  by 
dressmakers  during  the  six  weeks  of  the  spring  and  of  the  autumn  season 
for  securing  notes  of  imported  gowns.     Similar  sketches  made,  how- 

1  A  Study  of  the  Dress  and  Waist  Industry  for  the  Purpose  of  Industrial 
Education,  by  Cleo  Murtland,  with  the  collaboration  of  C.  A.  Prosser. 
U.  S.  Department  of  Labor,  1914. 

2  Based  upon  the  investigation  made  by  the  Alliance  Employment  Bureau 
in  1913- 

[22] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


ever,  under  the  direction  of  the  designer,  are  used  to  show  to  customers 
and  as  models  in  the  workroom. 

Costume  illustrations  are  made  to  be  reproduced  for  advertising  pur- 
poses in  the  fashion  magazines  which  sell  patterns;  the  fashion  publi- 
cations for  the  wholesale  trade ;  the  catalogues  issued  by  mail  order 
houses  and  department  stores;  booklets  for  wholesale  cloak  and  suit 
houses,  tailors,  and  dressmakers;  pages  for  the  magazines;  street  car 
advertisements;  show  cards  for  window  display,  etc.  For  this  kind  of 
costume  illustration  there  are  large  studios  with  many  workers,  most  of 
whom  until  recently  have  been  men.  Tiie  various  steps  in  the  process 
are  usually  done  by  different  workers.  The  "layout,"  or  first  sketch, 
is  the  work  that  pays  best.  The  next  artist  takes  the  drawing  and  sketches 
the  garments  on  the  figure  or  figures,  and  sees  that  buttons,  braid, 
pockets,  etc.,  are  properly  placed  ;  the  drawing  is  now  given  to  the  next 
worker  to  "wash  in"  the  garment  and  work  up  details;  next,  it  passes 
to  tlie  artist  whose  specialties  are  heads  and  liats ;  and  probably  another 
puts  in  the  hands,  shoes,  and  background.  It  is  said  that  there  are  onl}' 
six  men  in  the  United  States  who  can  draw  shoes  well. 

Costume  sketching  is  usually  paid  for  by  the  piece  from  50  cents  to 
$5  each;  when  on  salary,  it  is  about  $8  to  $15  a  week.  Salaries  for 
illustrators  are  usually  $10  to  $35,  the  layout  men  often  getting  more. 
Occasionally  the  pay  is  $3  to  $5  a  figure  and  the  rapid  workers  can 
then  increase  their  earnings.  Expert  work  on  tailors'  ware  pays  best, 
$30  to  $60  a  figure,  and  one  illustrator  is  known  to  have  received  $1,000 
for  a  full  page. 

Schools  are  noted  in  the  chapter  on  Industries;  in  addition,  some  firms 
take  apprentices  at  small  wages  or  without  pay  for  a  month  or  two. 

APPLIED  DESIGN 

Design'  for  textiles,  for  wall-paper,  for  oilcloth,  etc.,  must  always  be 
adapted  to  the  material  and  to  the  special  conditions  that  surround  the 
specific  industry.  The  following  details  of  the  requisites  in  a  design  for 
wall-paper  will  give  an  idea  of  the  many  limitations  in  each  line: 

"The  designer  must  not  only  understand  design,  but  he  must  know 
how  to  produce  effects  which  the  design  alone  does  not  show.  This  by 
the  aid  of  either  hand  or  machine.  He  must  also  show  much  ingenuity 
in  making  designs  in  parts  or  fractions  which  may  be  joined  together 
by  the  decorator  to  form  panels  which  may  fit  in  almost  anywhere  in  his 
scheme  of  decoration. 

"The  limitations  of  a  design  are  these.  It  can  only  be  either  18  or 
20  inches  wide  and  from  12  to  24  inches  long;  must  match  at  top, 
bottom,  and  sides ;  must  have  only  twelve  colors  or  less.  Each  color 
must  be  well  defined,  as  each  color  means  a  print  roller.  Twelve  colors 
mean  twelve  rollers. 

"After  the  design  is  finished,  there  must  be  considered  the  manner  in 
which  the  best  results  may  be  obtained  in  the  printing,  in  what  class  or 
grade  of  goods  it  shall  be  placed,  or  how  it  will  lend  itself  for  particular 
color  effects.  .  .  .  Among  the  various  methods  are  the  engraved  roller 

:23] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


process,  the  air-brush,  hand  brushed  by  the  aid  of  stencils,  and  the  flat 
block  process  of  printing  used  for  the  highest  grade  of  paper.  In  this 
last  process  there  is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  colors  that  can  be  used 
and  the  design  can  be  of  unlimited  size."  ^ 


COMMERCIAL  DESIGN 

Commercial  advertising  branches  out  into  many  lines  from  the  design- 
ing of  a  label  or  letter  head  to  preparing  copy  for  a  full-page  adver- 
tisement in  a  high  class  periodical.  From  the  last  the  step  is  so  short  to 
pictorial  illustration  that  it  is  not  surprising  to  find  that  some  well- 
known  illustrators  are  employed  at  high  salaries  to  do  commercial  adver- 
tising. Many  publishers  have  a  large  staff  and  train  their  workers. 
One  firm  requires  its  apprentices  to  stay  two  years  and  during  that  time 
the  boy  must  study  drawing  at  some  evening  school  and  in  addition  a 
model  is  posed  for  the  staff  from  time  to  time  merely  as  practice.  These 
apprentices  begin  at  $6  to  $io  a  week  and  rise  gradually  to  about  $25 
to  $40;  a  few  commercial  designers  earn  regular  salaries  as  high  as 
$200  a  week.  There  are  many  free  lances  whose  work  is  bought  at  good 
figures. 

The  process  through  which  the  copy  passes  has  already  been  described 
under  Costume  Illustration.  There  is  this  difference,  however,  in  much 
of  the  commercial  design,  in  that  text  forms  an  important  part  of  the 
design  and  either  its  lettering  by  hand  or  the  selection  and  arrangement 
of  type  are  very  important.  The  work  requires  not  only  artistic  and 
technical  ability  but  originality,  judgment,  knowledge  of  printing  and 
engraving,  and  insight  into  the  philosophy  of  selling.  The  making  of 
posters  is  a  branch  of  commercial  design  that  requires  all  these  qualities 
and  in  addition  a  special  power  of  working  in  a  broad  and  simple  manner 
so  as  to  carry  the  message. 

Closely  allied  to  commercial  design  and  yet  not  generally  included  in 
it  is  sign-painting.-  For  this  work  lettering — formation  and  spacing — 
is  of  the  first  importance.  When  a  certain  "style"  has  been  secured  in 
lettering,  it  can  be  adapted  to  many  uses.  Facility  must  be  acquired  in 
lettering  in  one,  two,  or  more  colors,  shading,  blocking  and  lining, 
smalting,  gilding  on  wood  and  on  glass,  and  lettering  on  muslin.  Theory 
of  color,  chemistry  of  paints,  use  of  japans  and  dryers,  enameling,  and 
other  technical  subjects  are  important. 

The  design  for  the  large  outdoor  billboards  is  made  in  the  studio  as 
a  layout.  The  man  who  does  the  actual  painting  out  of  doors  must 
know  how  to  prepare  old  and  new  boards,  make  the  enlarged  drawing 
direct  on  the  board,  and  mix  and  apply  his  colors  in  accordance  with  the 
sketch.     Smaller  signs  are  made  in  the  shop. 

Show-card  writing  requires  a  special  technique.     A  show-card  writer 

1  Extracts  from  Commercial  Value  of  Art  in  Wall-paper  Designing,  an 
address  by  Charles  Booz,  designer  of  wall-paper,  delivered  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Eastern  Arts  Association,  Buffalo,  191 5. 

-  Adapted  from  the  Baron  de  Hirsch  Trade  School. 

1:24: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


is  usually  included  on  the  salaried  staff  of  a  large  department  store,  while 
independent  workers  often  have  a  group  of  customers  to  whom  they  go 
a  definite  number  of  times  a  week. 


INTERIOR  DECORATING 

The  interior  decorator  used  to  be  considered  merely  the  man  who  painted 
the  inside  walls  of  a  building.  In  recent  years  the  term  has  broadened 
until  now  the  interior  decorator  is  the  man  or  woman  who  plans  all  the 
interior  furnishings  and  decorations,  including  not  only  the  walls  but 
furniture,  rugs,  lighting  fixtures,  etc.,  and  superintends  the  execution 
of  the  work.  The  training  necessary  is  closely  related  to  that  of  archi- 
tecture, but  special  stress  is  laid  on  drawing  of  interiors,  design  and  color 
as  related  to  room  arrangement,  and  detailed  drawings  for  furniture, 
draperies,  etc.  Familiarity  with  historic  styles  is  necessary.  A  know- 
ledge of  materials,  their  cost,  and  where  to  purchase  them  is  required 
for  estimating.  The  interior  decorator  must  know  how  to  handle  work- 
men and  how  to  have  the  work  completed  on  time. 

Among  the  most  important  workmen  employed  by  the  interior  deco- 
rator are  the  house  painter,  wood  finisher,  paper  hanger,  cabinet  maker, 
and  decorative  painter.  Each  of  these  lines  has  become  largely  a  trade 
of  itself.  The  specialist  finds  it  difficult  to  remain  continually  employed 
at  his  line  of  work,  and  the  man  with  a  working  knowledge  of  all 
branches  of  the  trade  has  many  more  opportunities  to  find  employment 
than  the  specialist.  Wages  are  from  50  to  90  cents  an  hour  with  an 
eight-hour  day.  The  skill  required  ranges  about  as  listed  above,  the 
decorative  painter  requiring  the  most  skill  and  taste.  He  must  have  a 
knowledge  of  color  harmony,  be  able  to  mix  the  proper  colors,  and  to 
carrv  out  the  interior  decorator's  ideas. 


METALWORK 

Ix  metalwork  is  included  one  of  the  largest  classes  of  mechanics  and 
one  of  the  most  important.  The  variety  and  extent  of  the  metal  trades 
are  apparent  from  the  fact  that  they  include  the  most  delicate  jewelry  at 
one  extreme  and  steam  engines  and  structural  iron  at  the  other  with 
innumerable  grades  between.  In  all  there  are  certain  underlying  prin- 
ciples which  are  similar  and  even  the  processes  have  the  same  characteris- 
tics. Design  and  drafting  are  the  groundwork  of  all  and  it  is  with  these 
that  we  are  most  concerned. 

Only  two  phases  of  metalwork  are  treated  here,  jewelrj-  and  bronze 
founding. 

The  success  of  the  jeweler,  the  silversmith,  the  goldsmith,  depends 
greatly  upon  the  design.  This  is  first  made  as  a  rough  sketch  and  then 
carefully  worked  out  for  the  approval  of  the  customer.  Detailed  work- 
ing drawings  are  made  and  from  these  there  is  built  up  in  wax  the  model 
of  the  piece.    The  framework  of  gold,  silver,  or  platinum  is  made  from 

1:25] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

the  wax  model  by  skilled  craftsmen  or  craftswomen  and  as  each  part 
of  the  design  is  hammered,  filed,  or  wrought  into  shape  it  is  soldered 
to  the  frame;  enamelinj^;  is  then  applied  or  precious  or  semi-precious 
jewels  are  set  in  their  proper  place;  the  finishers  burnish  and  polish  the 
metals.  The  various  processes  used,  all  requiring  more  or  less  ability  to 
draw,  are  hammering,  soldering,  etching,  repousse,  coloring,  enameling, 
engraving,  chasing,  casting,  and  setting  of  stones.  Cheap  jewelr\%  in- 
cluding badges,  is  cut  out  and  embossed  by  machinery,  but  even  for  these 
there  must  be  an  original  drawing  and  a  pattern  made  chiefly  by  hand. 

"The  work  of  the  bronze  founder  ^  consists  of  making  reproductions 
in  bronze  by  pouring  the  molten  metal  into  a  sand  mold.  The  metal 
is  an  alloy,  usually  consisting  of  90  parts  copper,  7  parts  zinc,  and  3  parts 
tin.    The  molding  sand  is  a  natural  combination  of  sand  and  clay. 

"The  work  is  divided  into  several  departments:  drafting,  where  the 
full-size  working  drawings  are  made;  pattern  making  in  wood,  plaster, 
or  metal ;  molding,  which  includes  several  grades  of  work,  the  highest 
being  the  statuary  molding;  chasing  and  filing;  fitting,  which  is  the 
work  of  fitting  and  joining  completed  parts  together  by  soldering,  rivet- 
ing, etc. ;  and  the  finishing  and  coloring,  all  of  which  require  highly 
trained  workers. 

"In  the  case  of  monumental  sculpture,  the  artist  makes  his  model  in 
modeling  clay,  full  size  or  to  a  certain  scale  which  is  afterward  enlarged. 
A  plaster  cast  is  obtained  from  the  clay  model  and  this  is  the  pattern 
around  which  the  bronze  molder  packs  his  molding  "sand"  in  small 
"blocks"  or  sections  which  are  afterward  baked.  The  original  model  is 
removed  and  a  sand  "core"  prepared,  which  is  suspended  in  the  mold, 
leaving  a  space  of  from  ^4  i".  to  3/^  in.  between  the  inner  sand  core  and 
the  mold. 

"The  molten  bronze  which  fills  this  space  when  cooled  forms  the 
bronze  cast.  The  outer  sand  is  removed  and  the  inner  core  dug  out.  The 
casting  is  then  finished  by  chasing  and  the  surface  is  treated  chemically 
to  give  the  desired  color  or  patine," 


NOVELTIES 

Under  this  head  are  classed  numerous  objects,  usually  small,  which  vary 
with  the  seasons  and  the  fashions  but  all  require  some  form  of  decoration. 
Novelty  painting,  as  such,  is  not  taught  in  any  school,  but  design  and 
decorative  painting  in  water  colors,  which  are  taught  in  the  high  schools 
and  in  most  of  the  art  schools,  give  the  foundation  so  that  the  technical 
trade  processes  can  be  acquired  in  a  few  days. 

The  air-brush-  or  spray  has  taken  the  place  of  handwork  for  much 
decorative  painting  of  fans,  furniture,  glassware,  picture  frames,  calen- 
dars, postcards,  fashion  plates,  photographs,  etc.  The  air-brush  is  con- 
nected by  a  rubber  tube  with  a  compressed  air  tank;  to  each  air-brush 

^  Condensed  from  The  Art  of  the  Bronze  Founder,  bv  Wilham  Donald 
Mitchell. 
-  Investigations  made  by  Alliance  Employment  Bureau. 

n26] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


there  is  attached  a  small  tin  cup  whicli  holds  the  color  to  be  used;  any 
tint  or  shade  of  this  color  may  be  secured  by  manipulating^  a  valve  which 
increases  or  reduces  the  How  of  color.  The  color  is  applied  through 
stencils,  half  a  dozen  or  more  being  used  for  a  single  design;  when 
coloring  photographs  the  air-brush  is  often  used  freehand.  Salaries  $6 
to  $15  a  week;  piece-workers  earn  up  to  $15  a  week.  Work,  44  to  50 
hours  a  week;  busy  season  June  to  January.  Work  is  mechanical  but 
requires  neatness,  good  judgment,  and  some  mechanical  ability,  as  well 
as  a  knowledge  of  drawing  and  color.  There  is  no  school  where  the 
work  is  taught;  some  firms  take  beginners  at  low  wages  and  there  are 
experienced  operators  who  have  their  own  air-brush  and  give  private 
lessons.  Girls  are  employed  for  the  lighter  objects;  boys  chiefly  on  metal 
bedsteads,  etc.,  and  in  retouching  photographs  for  engraving. 

Boxes, ^  paper  and  fancy,  are  decorated  with  opaque  water  colors.  De- 
signers are  well  paid,  some  of  them  being  free  lances;  decorators,  cliiefly 
girls,  get  $6  to  $15  a  week;  busiest  season  is  July  to  December, 

Cards' — greeting,  dinner,  score,  and  postal — also  calendars  and  menus, 
are  usually  designed  by  free  lances,  printed  by  the  thousand,  and  then 
colored  by  hand.  The  work  is  generally  done  through  stencils  either 
by  hand  or  with  the  air-brush.  Colorists,  usually  women,  earn  $5  to 
$12;  designers  and  letterers,  more  frequently  men,  get  $ro  to  $20;  piece 
work  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  20  to  30  cents  a  hundred  and  several  hun- 
dred can  be  done  in  a  day.  When  a  designer  is  employed  regularly,  it 
is  usually  a  man  who  also  does  lettering;  $10  to  $20  a  week. 

Celluloid  objects-  are  decorated  by  painting  with  oil  and  white  enamel 
directly  on  the  article  without  drawing  or  stamping;  the  design  is  usu- 
ally floral  and  must  be  followed  accurately  in  the  half  dozen  or  more 
pieces  which  form  a  toilet  set.  The  designer,  usually  a  man,  gets  about 
$20  to  $30;  forewoman  from  $18  to  $25;  decorating  is  done  by  girls 
who  are  usually  paid  by  the  piece  and  earn  from  $8  to  $18  a  week. 
Slack  season  January,  February,  and  June, 

Dolls*  are  usually  painted  by  men  who  can  do  a  hundred  faces  or 
more  a  day.  The  air-brush  is  used  for  hair  and  cheeks,  while  eyes, 
mouth,  and  nails  are  done  by  hand ;  an  expert  who  paints  eyes  can  make 
as  much  as  $60  a  week. 

Fans'  are  painted  on  paper  or  bolting-cloth  with  sticks  of  wood  or 
celluloid.  One  cent  is  paid  for  decorating  a  fan  which  sells  for  25 
cents;  50  cents  is  allowed  for  the  decoration  of  a  75-cent  fan. 

Furniture'  and  smaller  wooden  objects,  such  as  trays,  baskets,  frames, 
?tc.,  painted  and  decorated,  are  much  in  favor  at  present.  The  work 
requires  accurate  drawing,  knowledge  of  design  (historic  periods  for 
furniture),  and  a  good  color  sense.  Designers  are  well  paid;  decorators, 
boys  and  girls,  about  $7  to  $20  a  week. 

Lamp  shades'  are  of  many  kinds.  The  making  of  the  frames  is  a 
distinct  business,  done  entirely  by  men;  designers  are  well  paid;  painting 
Dn  textiles  and  paper  is  done  either  in  a  shop  or  at  home ;  much  of  the 

'  Investigations  made  by  the  art  department  of  the  Washington   Irving 
fligh  School. 
-  Investigations  made  by  AlHance  Employment  Bureau, 

C27] 


,. 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

work  is  done  outside  by  women  of  long  experience,  the  material  being 
furnished  by  the  firm,  and  some  make  as  much  as  $40  a  week  during  the 
busy  season ;  the  average  shop  hand  gets  $8  to  $20. 

Ribbon  and  satin  articles,  such  as  infants'  accessories,^  are  painted 
with  water  colors  mixed  with  opaque  white;  the  design  is  sometimes 
stamped,  but  more  frequently  the  work  is  freehand.  The  work  is  done 
by  girls  who  earn  from  $8  to  $18;  an  art  training  is  valuable  and  it  is 
well  to  know  pasting,  tying  bows,  and  hand  sewing. 

Toys,  games,  and  favors  -  give  opportunities  for  original  designers, 
many  of  whom  earn  from  $25  to  $35  a  week.  In  the  shops  a  boy  usually 
lays  the  flat  color  and  varnish ;  women  do  the  light  mechanical  work  at 
$5  to  $15  a  week,  and  men  do  the  more  important  parts  at  about  $20 
a  week ;  piece  work  is  paid  for  at  about  5  cents  for  a  face,  20  cents  for 
a  larger  face  and  hands,  etc.    Busiest  time  is  July  to  December. 

^  Investigations  made  by  Alliance  Employment  Bureau. 
2  Investigations  made  by  the  art  department  of  the  Washington   Irving 
High  School. 


[28] 


SCHOOLS   GIVING   INSTRUCTION 

IN  THE  FINE  ARTS  OR  IN 

THE  INDUSTRIAL  ARTS 

{Jf'hen  tuition  is  free,  or  the  cost  nominal,  the  fact  is  noted ;  in  all  other 
cases  fees  can  be  ascertained  by  communicating  zvith  the  schools.) 

Ar7  Art  Studknts'  League,  215  West  57th  Street,  Manliattan. 

Painting  (portrait,  life,  miniature,  landscape,  still  life,  mural)  ; 
modeling;  illustration;  etching;  posters;  anatomy;  composition. 
Day  and  evening  classes;  winter  and  summer  sessions;  special 
summer  class  for  beginners  under  16  years  of  age.  Governed 
by  Board  of  Control. 

B26  Barox  de  Hirsch  Trade  School,  222  East  64th  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
House  painting;  sign  painting;  reading  and  making  of  working 
drawings  for  printers,  plumbers,  electricians,  operating  engi- 
neers, sheet  metal  workers,  wood  workers,  and  machine  work- 
ers. Tuition  free;  applicants  must  be  Jews,  at  least  16  years  of 
age;  day  classes.    J.  Ernest  G.  Yalden,  superintendent. 

B63  Board  of  Educatiox,  Lecture  Bureau,  500  Park  Avenue,  Man- 
hattan. 
Courses  given  in  the  evening  for  adults,  include  many  lectures 
on  art.    Henry  AL  Leipziger,  supervisor.    For  schools  see  Pub- 
lic Schools. 

B71   Boys'  Club,  161  Avenue  A  (lOth  Street),  Manhattan. 

Painting  (oil,  water  color,  pastel)  ;  modeling.  Afternoon 
classes  five  days  a  week,  October  to  May.  Two  years  of  work 
necessary  to  compete  for  scholarships  to  the  School  of  the  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Design.     Nora  C.  McKiniry,  director. 

B79  Brooklyn   Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,   Department  of 
Education,  30  Lafayette  Avenue,  Brooklyn. 
Photography;  lecture  courses  on  appreciation  of  art;  weaving; 
crafts.     Afternoon  and  evening  sessions.     Charles  D.  Atkins, 
director. 

B791   Brooklyn   Vocational   School  for   Boys,   Nassau   and   Jay 
Streets,  Brooklyn. 
Architectural   drawing;   mechanical   drawing,   including   free- 
hand sketching,  finished  working  drawings,  and  elementary  per- 

C29] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


spective;  making  and  reading  blue-prints;  garment  drafting; 
drafting  for  joinery,  cabinet  making,  carpentry,  machine  shop, 
tool  and  die  making,  sheet-metal  work,  electrical  work,  and 
printing.  Tuition  free;  open  to  boys  over  14  years  of  age  who 
have  graduated  from  elementary  school;  hours  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m. 
throughout  the  jear  except  August;  4  hours  a  week  of  draw- 
ing and  16  hours  of  academic  subjects  to  15  hours  of  shop 
work;  two-year  course  for  graduation.  Maintained  by  the 
Board  of  Education ;  George  J.  Loewy,  principal. 


C43  Children's  Aid  Society,  105  East  22d  Street,  Manhattan. 

Evening  schools  under  the  auspices  of  the  Society  have  indus- 
trial classes  open  to  students  of  14  years  and  over.  Classes  in 
day  schools  are  for  children  from  the  kindergarten  through  4B. 

(a)  Fifty-third  Street  School,  552  West  53d  Street,  Manhattan. 
Embroidery  and  dressmaking  for  girls;  carpentry  for  boys. 

[b)  Henrietta  School,  224  West  63d  Street,  Manhattan. 
Dressmaking;  millinery;  sewing. 

(r)    Italian  School,  154  Hester  Street,  Manhattan. 

Dressmaking,  millinery,  hand  and  power  machine  embroidery 
for  girls;  printing  and  sign-painting  for  boys. 

{d)  Jones  Memorial  School,  407  East  73d  Street,  Manhattan. 
Dressmaking ;  millinery ;  embroidery ;  sewing. 

(f)    Rhinelander  School,  350  East  88th  Street,  Manhattan. 

Jewelry  for  boys  and  trade  embroidery  for  girls.  Classes  lim- 
ited to  crippled  children,  at  least  16  years  of  age,  who  have 
gone  through  the  6B  grade  of  the  elementary  schools.  Two- 
year  course  which  enables  the  student  to  become  self-support- 
ing; they  can  remain  in  the  school  to  execute  orders  and  can 
earn  an  average  of  $20  a  week, 

(/)    Sixth  Street  School,  630  East  6th  Street,  Manhattan. 

Dressmaking,  millinery,  and  embroidery  for  girls ;  carpentry 
for  boys. 

{g)   Tompkins  Square  School,  395  East  8th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Dressmaking,   millinery,   plain   and   power   sewing   for  girls : 
sign-painting  for  boys. 

C54  Clara  de  Hirsch  Home  for  Girls,  225  East  63d  Street,  Man- 
hattan, 

Dressmaking;  millinery;  hand  and  machine  sewing.  Courses 
of  5  to  13  months  for  girls  14  to  17  ytzrs  of  age;  40  free  schol- 
arships for  residents,  small  fee  for  those  who  can  afford  it. 

Do] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 


C69  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  Art  Department,  Convent 
Avenue  and  139th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Freehand,  architectural,  mechanical,  and  topographical  draw- 
ing; design;  elementary  architectural  design;  descriptive  geom- 
etry ;  aesthetics.  Day  and  evening  classes,  September  to  June. 
Frederick  Dielman,  professor  in  charge. 

Extension    courses    for    teachers    include    aesthetics,    object 
drawing,  woodwork,  metahvork.   Stephen  P.  Duggan,  director. 

C72  CoLUMBLA  University,  School  of  Architecture,  West  u6th 
Street,  Manhattan. 
Architectural  design ;  architectural  engineering.  Six-year 
course  leads  to  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Architecture;  also  short 
courses.  Day  and  evening  classes;  winter,  summer,  and  exten- 
sion sessions.    Richard  F.  Bach,  curator. 

C721  Columbia  University,  School  of  Mines,  Engineering,  and 
Chemistry,  West  11 6th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Drafting  for  mining,  metallurgical,  civil,  sanitary,  electrical, 
mechanical,  and  chemical  engineers.  Day,  evening,  extension, 
and  summer  courses.  Frederick  A.  Goetze,  dean  of  Faculty  of 
Applied  Science. 

C722  Columbia  University,  Teachers  College,  School  of  Practical 
Arts,  525  West  1 20th  Street,  Manhattan.  Maurice  A. 
Bigelow,  director, 
(rt)  Fine  Arts.  Drawing  and  painting;  design  in  the  art  in- 
dustries; house  design  and  decoration;  costume  design  and  il- 
lustration ;  fine  arts  education.  Four-year  course  leads  to 
bachelor's  degree ;  also  short  courses.  Day  and  extension  classes ; 
winter  and  summer  sessions.    Arthur  W.  Dow,  director. 

(b)  Household  Arts.  Textiles  and  clothing  (including  dress- 
making, millinery,  and  embroidery)  ;  household  arts  education. 
Helen  Kinne,  director. 

(f)  Industrial  Arts.  Industrial  drawing  and  design;  metal 
working;  wood  working;  industrial  arts  education.  Frederick 
G.  Bonser,  director. 

Cooper  Union  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  and  Art, 
Third  Avenue  and  8th  Street,  Manhattan.  Charles  R.  Rich- 
ards, director. 

C78  Cooper  Union  Free  Night  School  of  Art  for  Men. 

Architectural  and  freehand  drawing;  modeling;  decorative  de- 
sign. Tuition  free;  eight  months'  session.  Frederick  Dielman, 
art  director. 

DO 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

C781   Cooper  Union,  Woman's  Art  School. 

Painting;  decorative  design;  modeling;  costume  design  and 
costume  illustration ;  interior  decoration ;  lectures  on  history  of 
art,  anatomy,  perspective,  and  composition.  Tuition  free;  day 
classes  for  eight  months.  Frederick  Dielman,  art  director ; 
Kate  L.  Reynolds,  principal. 

C782  Cooper  Union  Free  School  of  Technical  Science  for  Men 
AND  Women. 
Drafting  for  civil,  mechanical,  and  electrical  engineers  includes 
working  drawings,  topography,  and  machine  design  and  draft- 
ing. Tuition  free;  applicants  must  be  at  least  16  years  of  age; 
day  school  four-year  course  leads  to  bachelor's  degree;  evening 
school  three-year  course  in  mechanical  drawing  and  five-year 
course  in  engineering  lead  to  diploma;  seven  months'  session. 
Charles  R.  Richards,  director. 

C86  Crippled  Children's  East  Side  Free  School,  157  Henry 
Street,  Manhattan. 
Embroidery  for  girls;  box-making  for  boys.  Academic  instruc- 
tion under  Board  of  Education ;  manual  training  by  teachers 
employed  by  the  Society,  from  the  kindergarten  age  up. 
Workrooms  maintained  where  adult  cripples  are  employed  at 
wages  varying  from  $2.50  to  $15  a  week. 

EI2  Electrical  School,  The  New  York,   39  West   17th   Street, 
Manhattan. 
Drafting  for  electrical  trades.     Day  and  evening  classes  for 
men  and  boys  over  15. 

Etj  Ethical  Culture  Art  High  School,  Central  Park  West  and 
63d  Street,  Manhattan. 
Pre-vocational   instruction    in    pottery   and    bookbinding   with 
academic  work  related  to  the  arts.     Irene  Weir,  director  of  art. 

F87  Free  Industrial  School  for  Crippled  Children,  471  West 
57th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Painting;  woodcarving;  tooled  leatherwork;  brass  and  copper 
hammering;  sewing;  dressmaking.    For  crippled  children  with- 
out regard  to  color,  creed,  or  race. 

G85  Greenwich  House  Settlement,  26  Jones  Street,  Manhattan. 
Pottery  ;  carpentry.  Afternoon  and  evening  classes ;  fees  2  cents 
a  lesson  for  children,  5  cents  for  adults.     Maude  Robinson,  art 
director. 


ij 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

H35  Hebrew  Technical  Institute,  36  Stuyvesant  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Frcfhand,  nuvhanical,  anil  architectural  ilrauinj^;  shop  work  in 
joinery,  woodcarving,  turning,  pattern  making,  metalwork,  and 
machine  work;, shop  lectures;  academic  studies.  Tuition,  tools, 
and  hooks  free ;  candidates  must  be  residents  of  New  York  City 
ami  at  least  t\vel\e  and  a  half  years  of  age;  three-year  course 
leads  to  a  diploma;  full  day  sessions  in  winter,  half  days  in 
summer.     Edgar  S.  IJarne\ ,  principal. 

Evening  School  for  machinists  and  men  in  pattern  and  cabi- 
net making  shops,  over  19  years  of  age,  without  rcgaril  to 
religious  faith.  Classes  three  evenings  a  week;  tuition  free, 
but  students  furnish  their  own  materials  and  tools;  two-year 
course. 


H351  Hebrew  Technical  School  for  Girls,  240  Second  Avenue 
(15th  Street).  Manhattan. 
Dressmaking  ;  millinery  ;  embroidery  ;  costume  design ;  academic 
studies.  Tuition  free;  day  sessions  throughout  the  year;  can- 
didates must  be  at  least  fourteen  and  a  half  years  of  age.  Mary 
E.  Dolphin,  principal. 

Henry   Street   Settlement,    265   Henry  Street,  Manhattan. 
SeeN3i. 

H67  Hoe  (Sc  Co.  Apprentice  School,  504  Grand  Street,  Manhattan, 
Mechanical  drawing  for  machinists,  pattern  makers,  saw- 
smiths,  and  molders.  Four-year  course  for  boys  over  16,  di- 
rectly related  to  work  in  the  shop.  Tuition  free.  Richard  H. 
Wright,  supervisor.  Maintained  in  cooperation  with  the 
Board  of  Education. 


H89  Hunter  College,  Department  of  Art  History  and  Drawing. 
Lexington  Avenue,  67th  and  68th  Streets,  ALanhattan. 
History  and  principles  of  art;  practical  work  in  drawing,  paint- 
ing, and  design.  Courses  planned  for  one  to  four  years  in  art 
appreciation  as  foundation  for  specialization  and  for  grade 
teachers.  Applicants  must  be  girls  resident  in  New  York  City 
and  must  have  had  four  years  of  high  school  or  the  equivalent. 
M.  Christine  W.  Reid,  head  of  department. 


In7  Institute  for  Improved  Instruction  of  Deaf  Mutes,  904 
I^xington  Avenue,  66th  and  67th  Streets,  Manhattan. 
Drawing;  dressmaking;  millinery;  embroidery;  woodworking. 
Post-graduate  courses.   Nuinerous  free  scholarships  maintained. 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

M31  Manhattan  Trade  School  for  Girls,  209  East  23d  Street, 
Manhattan. 
Dressmaking;  millinery;  pasting  trades.  Tuition  free;  day 
sessions  throughout  the  year  except  August;  graduation  after 
200  days;  certificate  given  after  three  months  at  trade  with 
satisfactory  report  from  employer.  Three  weeks'  test  course. 
Maintained  by  the  Board  of  Education ;  Florence  M.  Mar- 
shall, principal. 

M46  Mechanics  Institute,  20  West  44th  Street,  Manhattan. 

Freehand,  architectural,  and  mechanical  drawing;  architectural 
design;  carriage  and  automobile  drafting  (also  day)  ;  decorative 
design;  modeling;  applied  mathematics,  mechanics,  and  elec- 
tricity. Tuition  free  to  males  employed  during  the  day;  each 
class  meets  two  evenings  a  week,  September  to  April ;  three- 
year  course  for  diploma.     Louis  Rouillion,  director. 

M56  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  Fifth  Avenue  at  82d  Street, 
Manhattan. 
Lectures  on  art.     Services  of  instructor  free  for  public  school 
pupils  and  teachers. 

M72  Modern  Art  School,  72  Washington  Square  South,  Manhattan. 
Painting  (oil,  water  color,  mural)  ;  sculpture;  design;  costume 
illustration ;  posters ;  interior  decoration  ;  pottery.  Day,  even- 
ing, and  Sunday  classes;  sessions  throughout  the  year.  Fred- 
eric Burt  and  Myra  Musselman-Carr,  directors. 

M96  Murray  Hill  Evening  Trade  School,  237  East  37th  Street, 
Manhattan. 
Mechanical  and  architectural  drawing;  plan  reading  and  esti- 
mating; drawing  for  marble  workers;  sign  painting  and  show- 
card  writing;  lithographic  transferring;  drafting  for  tailors. 
Tuition  free;  open  to  boys  over  14  who  do  not  attend  a 
day  school  and  to  men  emplojed  in  a  trade;  each  class  meets 
two  evenings  a  week;  certificate  given  for  one  year's  work; 
graduation  in  from  two  to  four  years.  Maintained  by  the 
Board  of  Education;  Morris  E.  Siegel,  principal. 

IVI961  Murray  Hill  Vocational  School,  237  East  37th  Street, 
Manhattan. 
Architectural  drawing;  mechanical  drawing,  including  free- 
hand sketching,  finished  working  drawings,  and  elementary 
perspective;  making  and  reading  blue-prints;  sign  painting; 
display  and  show-card  writing;  drafting  for  joinen',  cabinet 
making,  carpentry,  plumbing  and  gas  fitting,  electrical  work, 

[34] 


TllL  AlETROl'OLllAN   MLSLUM  Ul  ART 

and  printinR.  Tuition  free;  open  to  boys  over  14  ycirs 
of  age  who  have  graihiatnl  from  an  cU'nicntary  srhool ;  liours, 
9  A.M.  to  5  I'.M.  throughout  the  year,  exct-pt  August;  4  hours 
a  week  of  ilrawinjj  and  ib  hours  of  acatloniic  suhjccts  with  15 
hours  of  shop  work.  Two-year  course  for  ^^raihiation.  Main- 
tained by  tlie  Hoard  of  I'Ahication  ;  Cjeorge  J.  Loewy,  principal. 

N21  National  Acadkmv  or  Design',  Amsterdam  A\cnue  and  109th 
Street,  Manhattan. 
Drawin;::  from  antique  and  life;  painting  (life,  portrait, 
and  landscape);  sculpture;  etching;  composition;  perspective; 
anatomy.  Day  and  evening  classes;  summer  courses;  entrance 
fee  $10,  balance  of  tuition  free.  Governed  by  the  Council  of 
the  Academy,  Adolph  A.  Weinman,  chairman.  School  main- 
tained only  for  those  who  intend  to  follow  art  as  a  profession  ; 
applicants  over  30  years  of  age  not  admitted. 

N31  Neighborhood  Playhouse  of  the  Henry  Street  Settlement,  466 
Grand  Street,  Manhattan. 
Stage  design  and  decoration ;  designing,  stenciling,  and  letter- 
ing for  posters  and  for  costume  illustration ;  elementary  draw- 
ing and  design.  Tuition  free.  The  advanced  classes  for  girls 
and  boys  over  14  may  lead  directly  to  scene  painting  and  allied 
trades;  elementary  for  children  7  to  14  years.  All  work  is 
related  to  the  dramatic  productions  at  the  Playhouse. 

N48i  New  York  Evening  School  of  Industrial  Art,  204-214 
East  42d  Street,  Manhattan. 
Book  illustration;  costume  illustration;  interior  decoration; 
jewelry  design;  mural  decoration;  poster  and  advertising  de- 
sign; textile  design;  stained-glass  design;  principles  of  design; 
modeling;  sculpture;  drawing  from  life;  metalwork.  Tuition 
free;  certificate  at  end  of  one  year;  diploma  after  three  years. 
Applicants  must  have  had  preliminary  training  and  be  em- 
ployed during  the  day,  although  not  necessarily  in  trade  studied  ; 
open  to  men  and  women  four  nights  a  week,  September  to 
April ;  each  class  meets  two  nights  a  week.  Maintained  by  the 
Board  of  Education ;  George  K.  Gombarts,  director. 

N482  New  York  School  of  Aim'lied  Design  for  Women,  160  Lex- 
ington Avenue  (30th  Street),  Manhattan. 
Design  for  wall-paper,  textiles,  book  covers;  illustration; 
fashion  illustration;  interior  decoration;  arciiitecture ;  Instoric 
ornament.  Applicants  must  be  at  least  16  years  of  age  and 
should  preferably  have  two  years  of  high  school  training  or 
equivalent;  day  classes  seven  and  a  half  months;  summer  two 
months,  three  mornings  a  week.   I*>llen  J.  Pond,  supcriiucnilcnt. 

1:35] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

N483  New  York  School  of  Fixe  axd  Applied  Art,  2237  Broadway 
(80th  Street),  Manhattan. 
Costume  design  and  illustration ;  interior  decoration  and  fur- 
nishing; illustrative  advertising;  poster  and  layout;  freehand 
and  mechanical  drawing;  painting;  illustration;  design;  craft 
classes  in  metal,  clay,  leather,  basketry,  porcelain  decoration ; 
normal  training,  including  Saturday  classes  for  teachers;  Satur- 
day classes  for  children ;  lectures  on  history  of  art  for  the 
school  and  public.  Day  classes  September  to  May;  summer  at 
Belle  Terre,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Certificate  at  end  of  one 
year ;  graduation  in  two  or  three  years.  Frank  Alvah  Parsons, 
president ;  Susan  F.  Bissell,  secretary. 

N484  New  York  Trade  School,  First  Avenue,  67th  and  68th  Streets, 
Manhattan. 
House  painting  and  decorating;  sign  painting;  mechanical  and 
plan  drawing;  reading  and  making  of  blue-prints  for  bricklay- 
ing, plumbing,  electrical  work,  wood  and  sheet  metal  patterns, 
blacksmithing,  printing,  cornice  and  skylight  work,  and  steam 
and  hot-water  fitting.  Day  and  evening  sessions  September  to 
March ;  open  to  beginners  as  well  as  to  young  men  already  in 
the  trades;  certificate  upon  completion  of  course,  which  is 
usually  one  term  of  four  months  in  day  classes  or  three  terms 
in  evening.  Students'  dormitory  for  young  men  who  come 
from  a  distance.     H.  V.  Brill,  superintendent. 

N485  New  York  University,  University  Heights,  Bronx. 

Advanced  training  for  teachers  in  design  and  methods  given  at 
University  Heights,  Summer  School  only ;  James  P.  Haney, 
director. 

Evening  and  Saturday  morning  courses  in  winter  at  Wash- 
ington Irving  High  School  in  dressmaking,  millinery,  embroi- 
dery, drafting,  costume  design,  basketry,  cord,  and  raflfia  work 
for  supervisory  teachers  of  domestic  art  and  for  teachers  in 
trade  schools  and  ungraded  classes. 

P37  Penelope's,  13  West  39th  Street,  Manhattan. 

Hand  sewing  and  embroidery.  Tuition  free;  6  weeks  on  trial 
for  girls  between  14  and  18,  and  if  aptitude  is  shown  18 
months'  course  may  be  taken.  Workroom  maintained.  Miss 
A.  F.  Riorden,  director. 

P76  Polytechnic  Institute,  College  of  Engineering,  Livingston  and 
Court  Streets,  Brooklyn. 
Mechanical  drawing  in  courses  for  chemical,  civil,  electrical, 
and    mechanical    engineers.       Day,    afternoon,    and    evening 
courses.    Fred  W.  Atkinson,  president. 

1:36] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  xMUSEUM  OF  ART 


P88  Pratt  Institute,  School  of  Fine  and  Applied  Arts,  Rycrson 
Street,  IJroukl\ii. 
(icneral  art  ami  iiictorial  illustration;  (.(tstunu'  and  commercial 
illustration;  applicil  dcsii^n  and  interior  decoratioti ;  desiji;n  and 
practical  work  in  jewel rs,  silversmithin}^,  basketry,  pottery, 
bookbinding,  wood  carving,  and  tooled  leather;  architectural 
construction  and  architectural  design  ;  normal  art  and  manual 
training.  Classes  in  freehand  drawing,  life  and  portrait  draw- 
ing, painting,  modeling,  commercial  illustration,  ornament, 
design,  architectural  drawing.  Da\  and  evening  classes  Sep- 
tember to  June;  men  and  women  applicants  for  normal  courses 
must  be  at  least  19  years  of  age,  in  other  day  classes  17.  and  in 
evening  classes  14.     Walter  S.  Perry,  director, 

P881    Pratt  Institute,  School  of  Household  Science  and  Arts. 

Trade  dressmaking  and  millinery ;  design  and  pattern  drafting, 
including  hat  frames;  costume  drawing;  normal  course.  Day 
and  evening  classes;  applicants  must  be  at  least  17  years 
of  age;  men  as  well  as  women  are  admitted  to  the  design,  illus- 
tration, and  drafting  courses;  certificates  granted  after  nine 
months  of  classroom  work  and  three  months  of  workroom  prac- 
tice.   Isabel  E.  Lord,  director. 

P882  Pratt  Institute,  School  of  Science  and  Technology. 

Steam  and  machine  design;  drafting  for  applied  electricity, 
chemistry,  leather  chemistry  and  tanning,  carpentry  and  build- 
ing. Two-year  day  industrial  and  one-year  day  trade  courses; 
evening  trade  and  technical  courses;  applicants  should  be  at 
least  17  years  of  age.  Evening  courses  for  trade  teach- 
ing open  only  to  workmen  with  at  least  five  years'  experience  of 
journey  men  grade,  preferably  between  25  and  35  years  of  age. 
Samuel  S.  Edmands,  director. 

Public  Colleges. 

College  of  the  City  of  New  "^'ork  (see  C69). 
Hunter  College  (see  H89). 

P96  Public  Day  High  Schools  (24),  conducted  by  the  Board  of 
Education,  500  Park  Avenue,  Manhattan. 
Elementary  design  required  in  the  first  high  school  year,  reprc- 
sentati\e  drawing  in  the  second  year,  ami  also  in  the  third  year 
for  all  candidates  for  Training  School  (for  other  pupils  the 
third-year  drawing  is  optional);  advancetl  electi\c  courses 
offered  in  the  fourth  year  with  dail>  work  in  drawing,  home 
study,  and  recitations.  The  nature  of  these  elective  courses  is 
determined  by  the  general  character  of  each  school  (see  below). 
The  Washington  Irving  High  School  has  a  two-\ear  profcs- 

l37l 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUxM  OF  ART 

sional  course  for  girls  in  commercial  design  and  in  costume 
illustration.    James  P.  Haney,  director  of  drawing. 

(a)  Bay  Ridge  High  School,  Fourth  Avenue  and  Senator  Street, 

Brooklyn. 
Applied  design  elective  in  fourth  year;  girls. 

(b)  Boys'    High    School,    Marcy    Avenue    and    ^Madison    Street, 

Brooklyn. 
Mechanical  drawing  elective  in  fourth  year. 

(c)  Bryant  High  School,  Long  Island  City. 

Applied  design  elective  in  fourth  year ;  boys  and  girls. 

{(I)    De  Witt  Clinton  High  School,  Tenth  Avenue  and  59th  Street, 
Manhattan. 
Art  history  and  mechanical  drawing;  elective  in  fourth  year; 
boys. 

(fl')    Far  Rockaway  High  School,  Far  Rockaway,  L.  I.    ■ 
Applied  design  elective  in  fourth  year;  boys  and  girls. 

(fl-)    Girls'    High   School,   Nostrand   Avenue   near   Fulton   Street, 
Brooklyn. 
Applied  design  elective  in  fourth  year. 

(e)    High  School  of  Commerce,  155  West  65th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Commercial  design  elective  in  fourth  year;  boys. 

(/)    Julia  Richman  High  School,  60  West  13th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Applied  design  elective  in  fourth^^year ;  girls. 

if)    Manual  Training  High  School,  4th  Street  and  Seventh  Ave- 
nue, Brooklyn. 
Applied  design  elective  in  fourth  year;  boys  and  girls. 

(ff)    Morris  High  School,  Boston  Road  and  i66th  Street,  Bron.x. 
Applied  design  for  girls  and  mechanical  drawing  for  boys  elec- 
tive in  fourth  year. 

(fl)   Stuyvesant  High  School,  345  East  15th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Technical  drawing  elective  in  fourth  year ;  boys. 

(?)    Wadleigh  High  School,   114th  Street,  near  Seventh  Avenue, 
Manhattan. 
Interior  decoration  elective  in  fourth  year;  girls. 

Washington  Irving  High  School,  40  Irving  Place  (i6th  and 

17th  Streets),  Manhattan. 
IVo-year  professional  course;  girls.     (See  W27.) 

P961  Public  Evening  High  Schools  (18),  conducted  by  the  Board 
of  Education,  500  Park  Avenue,  Manhattan. 
Architectural,  mechanical,  and  freehand  drawing;  applied  de- 
sign ;  advanced  dressmaking  and  millinery ;  costume  design ;  ad- 
vertising. Tuition  free  ;  sessions  two  hours  a  night,  four  nights 
a  week,  one  hundred  and  twenty  nights,  beginning  end  of  Sep- 

C38] 


THE  MKTROPOLI  I'AN    MlSll  M  OF  AR  1 


tember;  applicant  miwt  be  praHuatc  of  elementary  school  or 
have  iHiuivaliMU  eiiucation.  Modi-Iiti};,  jcwi-iry,  etc.,  taught  at 
New  ^ Drk  Kvcninj;  School  of  Itulustrial  Art,  which  sec;  for 
types  of  drawing;  at  other  schools,  sec  heh)\v.  ilciiry  I".  Jen- 
kins, district  supcrintciulcnt  in  chari^c  of  evening  schools. 

(ti)    Bay  Ridge  Kvening  High  School;  V.  S.  140,  60th  Street,  west 
of  Fourth  Avenue,  Hro()ki\n. 
Freehand  drawing;  comniercial  design;   costume   illustration; 
for  women. 

(b)    Bronx  Evening  High  School;  P.  S.  40,  Prospect  Aveiuie,  Jen- 
nings Street,  and  Ritter  Place,  Bronx. 
Freehand  drawing;  costume  illustration;  for  women. 

((■)    Brooklyn  Evening  High  School;  Commercial   II.  S.,  Albany 
Avenue  and  Dean  Street,  Brooklyn. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men. 

(i/)    Brooklyn   Evening  Trade   School,   Seventh  Avenue,   between 
4th  and  5th  Streets,  Brooklyn. 
Architectural  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men  and  women. 

(r)    Buslnvick  Evening  Trade  School;  400  Irving  Avenue,  Brook- 
lyn. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mech.anical  drawing  for  men  and 
women. 

(/)     Central  Evening  High  School;  Girls'  H.  S.,  Nostrand  Avenue 
and  Halsey  Street,  Brooklyn. 
Freehand  drawing  and  costume  illustration;  for  women. 

{ff)    Curtis  Evening  High  School;  St. Mark's  Place,  New  Brighton, 
Richmond. 
Freehand  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men  and  women. 

(/;)    Eastern  Evening  High  School;  P.  S.   122,  Harrison  Avenue 
and  Heyward  Street,  Brooklyn. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men. 

(/■)    East  Side  Evening  High  School  for  Men;  P.  S.  20,  Rivington 
and  Forsyth  Streets,  Manhattan. 
Mechanical  drawing. 

(;")    East  Side  Evening  High  School  for  Women;  P.  S.  62,  Essex 
and  Norfolk  Streets,  Manhattan. 
Freehand  drawing. 

( k)    Harlem   Evening   High   School   for   Men;   P.   S.    1S4,    11 6th 
Street,  between  Ivcnov  and  Fiftli  Avenues,  Manhattan. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechaiu'cal  drawing. 

(/)    Harlem  Evening  High  School  for  Women;  Wadleigh  H.  S., 
West  114th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Freehand  drawing;  costume  illustration. 

C39] 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART 

(m)    Harlem  Trade  School;  138th  and  139th  Streets,  west  of  Fifth 
Avenue,  Manhattan. 
Architectural  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men. 

{?i)    Long  Island  City  Evening  High  School;  Wilbur  Avenue  and 
Academy  Street,  Long  Island  City,  Queens. 
Architectural  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men  and  women. 

(0)    Morris  Evening  High  School;  Morris  H.  S.,  i66th  Street  and 
Boston  Road,  Bronx. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men. 

(/))    ]\Iurray  Hill  Evening  Trade  School;  237  East  37th  Street, 

Manhattan.     (See  M96.) 
(q)    New  Lots  Evening  High  School;  P.  S.  149,  Sutter  Avenue, 
Vermont  and  Wyona  Streets,  Brooklyn. 
Mechanical  and  architectural  drawing;  costume  illustration; 
commercial  design ;  for  men  and  women. 

(;•)    New  York  Evening  High  School  for  Men;  DeWitt  Clinton 
H.  S.,  Amsterdam  Avenue  and  59th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechanical  drawing. 
(s)    New  York  Evening  High  School  for  Women;  Washington 
Irving  H.  S.,  40  Irving  Place,  i6th  and  17th  Streets,  Man- 
hattan. 
Freehand  drawing ;  applied  design  ;  lettering ;  costume  illustra- 
tion ;  garment  drafting;  bookbinding;  embroidery. 
New  York  Evening  Industrial  Art  School,  204  East  42d  Street, 
Manhattan.     (See  N481.) 
(/)    South  Brooklyn  Evening  High  School;  P.  S.  94,  Sixth  Avenue, 
50th  and  51st  Streets,  Brooklyn. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechanical  drawing;  commercial 
design  ;  lettering;  for  men. 
(u)    Stuyvesant  Evening  High  School,  345  East  15th  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Freehand  and  architectural  drawing;  industrial  design:  cabi- 
net making;  for  men.    Costume  design  and  illustration  ;  letter- 
ing; life;  commercial  illustration;  for  women. 
(v)   Tottenville  Evening  Trade  School,  Academy  Place,  Totten- 
ville,  Richmond. 
Clay  modeling. 
(iv)   Washington  Heights  Evening  High  School,  145th  and  146th 
Streets,  west  of  Amsterdam  Avenue,  Manhattan. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechanical  drawing  for  men  and 
women. 

Public  Vocational  Schools. 

Brooklyn  Vocational  School  for  boys.     (See  B791.) 
Hoe  Apprentice  School.     (See  H67.) 
Manhattan  Trade  School  for  Girls.     (See  M3I-) 

[40: 


iiii:  Mi:rK()P()Lrr.\N  museum  of  art 

Murray  Hill  Evening  Trade  School.     (See  Mg6.) 

.Murr;i\   IliU  X'ocational  School.     (Sec  Mo6i.) 

New  York  Kvcoiii^j;  School  of  Iruliistrial  Art.     (Sec  N481.) 

X'ocational  School  tor  Htns.     (Sec  X'Ssi.) 

Washington  Irving;  Iiii:h  School, Art  Department.    (See\\'27.) 

Sa2  St.  (iLt)R(U-  l']vi;M\t;  Tradk  Sciiooi.,  505  East  i6th  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Sign  painting;  design;  decorative  painting.  Registration  fee, 
ten  cents  a  month;  applicants  must  be  at  least  12  vears  of 
age;  ccrtiiicate  granted  after  one  \car,  graduation  in  three 
\ears.     John  McKinley,  principal. 

Sch6  School   of   Mechanical    Dentistry,    25   West   45th    Street, 
Manhattan. 
Drawing;  modeling. 

Sch7  School  for  Printers'  Apprentices  of  New  \'ork,  436  West 
27th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Design  as  applied  to  hand  composition.  Free  tuition  for  boys 
who  have  been  two  years  at  the  trade  and  who  are  members  of 
Typographical  Union  No.  6;  afternoon  and  evening  classes. 
Supported  jointly  by  Employing  Printers  Section,  Typograph- 
ical Union  No.  6,  and  Hudson  Guild.    A.  L.  Blue,  director. 

Scu6  ScuoLA  d'Indistrie.  Italiane,  177  Macdougal  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Needlework  on  linen  in  style  of  Italian  work  of  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  centuries.  Free  tuition  for  girls  over  15;  work- 
room maintained,  and  as  soon  as  work  is  salable  the  girls  are 
paid  weekly  wages  from  $3  up. 

S02  Society  of  Beau.\-Arts  Architects,  126  East  75th  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Architectural  design;  architectural  and  decorative  sculpture; 
mural  painting.  A  free  atelier  for  men,  maintained  jointly  by 
The  Society  of  Beaux-Arts  Architects,  The  National  Society 
of  Sculptors,  and  The  Mural  Painters;  open  9  A.M.  to  10  P.M. 
daily,  except  Sundays,  all  the  \ear  to  any  student,  architectural 
draftsman,  journeyman,  or  apprentice  painter  or  modeler,  and 
to  all  other  men  interested.  The  method  of  instruction  con- 
sists of  monthly  problems  worked  out  by  the  stuilents  either  in 
an  atelier  or  at  recognized  art  schools  throughout  the  United 
States  and  the  work  is  judged  and  criticized  monthly  by  profes- 
sional artists.  Erctl  Goilley,  director  for  architectural  design  ; 
Lloyd  \Varren,  director  for  sculpture;  William  N.  Taylor, 
director  for  mural  painting. 

[4»:i 


THE  METROPOLITAN  IVIUSEUM  OF  ART 

T22  Technical  School  for  Carriage  Draftsmen  and  Mechan- 
ics, 20  West  44th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Freehand,  scale,  and  full-size  drawings;  geometry  applied  to 
carriage,  wagon,  and  automobile  construction  known  as 
'Trench  Rule"  of  drafting;  complete  body  drafting;  perspec- 
tive and  colored  drawing  of  carriages,  wagons,  and  automo- 
biles for  illustration  purposes.  Applicants  must  be  over  16 
years  of  age  and  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  pleasure  or 
business  vehicles ;  day  and  evening  classes ;  tuition  free.  School 
maintained  under  the  auspices  of  the  Carriage  Builders'  Na- 
tional Association  and  the  Automobile  Chamber  of  Commerce 
in  the  Mechanics'  Institute  of  the  General  Society  of  Mechan- 
ics and  Tradesmen.    Andrew  F.  Johnson,  instructor-in-chief. 

Un3  Union  Settlement,  237  East  104th  Street,  Manhattan. 

Modeling;  needlecrafts;  weaving;  bookbinding;  basketry;  pot- 
tery. Free  afternoon  and  evening  classes  for  children.  Lillian 
A.  Phillips,  director  of  practical  arts. 

V851  V^ocational  School  for  Boys,  138th  Street  near  Fifth  Avenue, 
Manhattan. 
Architectural,  freehand,  and  mechanical  drawing;  trade  draw- 
ing applied  to  woodwork,  metalwork,  plumbing,  electrical 
installation,  printing,  cornice  making,  sheet-metal  work,  and 
tile  laying;  modeling  for  terracotta,  stone  cutting,  metalwork, 
and  die  making;  photo-engraving  and  process  work;  commer- 
cial design ;  sign-painting ;  show-card  writing.  Free  school 
maintained  by  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  city  for  boys  of 
14  years  and  over;  open  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m.  daily,  except  Au- 
gust. Trade  drawing  and  non-vocational  subjects,  occupying 
one-quarter  of  the  time,  required;  shop  equipment;  certificate 
after  two  years  plus  six  months'  successful  experience  in  busi- 
ness. Applicants  for  evening  classes  must  be  16  years  of  age, 
have  equivalent  of  7  years  of  elementary  school  education,  and 
be  employed  in  the  trade  or  related  work.  Charles  J.  Pickett, 
principal. 

W27  Washington  Irving  High  School,  40  Irving  Place,  i6th  and 
17th  Streets,  Manhattan. 
Elementary  design  is  required  in  the  first  year,  just  as  in  all  the 
other  high  schools,  but  a  professional  art  course  is  offered  only 
in  this  school.  Pupils  may  elect  the  industrial  art  course  at  the 
end  of  the  first  year  and  follow  it  through  the  second  and 
third  years,  graduating  at  the  close  of  the  third  year.  During 
the  two  years  of  this  professional  course  19  periods  of  40  min- 
utes each  are  given  each  week  to  art  work  and  1 1  periods  to 
academic  studies.  In  the  first  year  of  special  study  the  pupil 
devotes  her  time  to  drawing  followed  by  the  study  of  color 
and  design ;  in  the  second  year  she  specializes  either  in  ( i ) 
Commercial  Design,  which  gives  a  knowledge  of  the  principles 

1:423 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM. OK  ART     ' 

of  color,  design,  and  reproductive  processes  as  these  relate  to 
:ul\  ortisint:,  and  tfthnical  instruction  in  Icttcrinj^  and  drafts- 
manship in  various  nu-iiia;  or  in  (2)  Costume  Illustration, 
which  includes  drawing  from  the  figure,  layouts,  and  rendering 
of  textures  for  reproduction.  Edward  Cornell  Zahriskic", 
principal. 

\\'^S    WhRR's  AC.VDE.MY  OF  N.WAL  ARCHITECTURE  AND   .MARINE   En- 

r.iNEERiNG,  1 88th  Street  and  Sedj^wick  Avenue,  Hronx. 
Mechanical  drawing  10  hours  a  week  for  naval  architects  and 
marine  cnj^inccrs.  Tuition  free;  applicants  must  he  hetween 
15  and  21  years  of  age  and  have  equivalent  of  iiigh  school 
mathematics;  four-year  course;  academic  and  shop  work.  J. 
Irvin  Chafi'ee,  principal. 

W58  White  School  of  Photography,  230  East  nth  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Practical  work  in  photography,  appreciation,  and  design;  even- 
in.g  course  in  photogravure.  Applicants  must  have  high  school 
education  or  equivalent;  sessions  daily,  except  Saturday,  9  a.m. 
to  4  P.M.;  evening  class  once  a  week;  summer  session  at  East 
Canaan,  Conn.    Clarence  H.  White,  director. 

Y8  \'ouxG  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Edward  L.  Wertheim,  director  of  education. 
(rt)   215  West  23d  Street,  Manhattan. 

Commercial  design ;  illustration ;  plan  reading  for  metalwork. 
Classes  formed  according  to  demand.  For  boys  over  12  who 
are  members  of  the  Association ;  fees  nominal. 

(b)   318  West  57th  Street,  Manhattan. 

Interior  decoration  with  drawing.  Evening  course.  2  hours 
a  week. 

"^  81  VoLNG  Women's  Christian  Association,  Lexington  Avenue 
and  53d  Street,  Manhattan. 
Commercial  design;  costume  sketching;  decorative  design; 
drawing;  painting.  School  of  Household  Arts  offers  drafting 
and  dressmaking;  design  and  pattern  making;  millinery;  em- 
broidery; flower  making.  Applicants  must  be  at  least  16  and 
have  equivalent  of  two  years  of  high  school  education  ;  half-day 
classes  and  two  evenings  a  week;  three-year  course;  fees  nomi- 
nal.    Lucy  M.  Whenman,  director  of  education. 

Y83  "^'oLNG  Women's  Hebrew  Association.  31  \Vest  iioth  Street, 
Manhattan. 
Dressmaking;  millinery;  embroidery.   Day  and  evening  classes; 
fees  nominal. 

[4^ 


MUSEUMS 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  77th  Street,  Columbus 
Avenue  and  Central  Park  West,  Manhattan. 
Material  illustrating  the  customs  and  early  art  of  various  races 
— Chinese  bronzes,  Peruvian  textiles,  Indian  baskets  and 
blankets;  gems,  etc.  Open  free,  daily  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m.;  Sun- 
day I  to  5  P.M. 

American   Numismatic   Society,    156th   Street,  west  of   Broadway, 
Manhattan. 
Coins  and  medals,  American  and  foreign.   ^Museum  and  library 
open  free,  daily  10  a.m.  to  5  p.m.;  Sunday  i  to  5  p.m. 

Barnard  Cloisters,  Fort  Washington  Avenue  at  191st  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Antique  sculpture  collected  by  George  Grey  Barnard,  shown  in 
a  building  of  the  type  of  a  French  Gothic  monastery  of  about 
the  thirteenth  century.  Open  daily  10  a.m.  to  5  p.m.  Admis- 
sion, $1  on  week  days;  50  cents  on  Sunday. 

Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern  Parkway  and  Washington  Avenue, 
Brooklyn. 
Egyptology;  architectural  photographs;  bronzes;  modern 
sculpture;  Greek  vases  and  terracottas;  ancient  glass;  pottery; 
coins  and  medals;  Oriental  and  European  ceramics;  jades; 
lacquers;  ivory  carvings;  furniture;  textiles;  laces;  old  and 
modern  paintings;  drawings;  prints;  photographs;  lantern 
slides;  library.  Also  natural  history  and  ethnology.  Open 
daily  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  ;  Sunday  2  to  6  p.m.  ;  Thursday  evening 
7.30  to  9.30.  Admission  free  except  Monday  and  Tuesday, 
when  fee  is  25  cents;  children,  10  cents.  Children's  Museum, 
Bedford  Park.    Open  free,  daily  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m. 

Cooper  Union  Museum  for  the  Arts  of  Decoration,  Third  Ave- 
nue and  8th  Street,  Manhattan. 
Furniture,  textiles,  wood  carvings,  and  other  industrial  art  ob- 
jects arranged  in  chronological  order;  decorative  design  scrap- 
books  ;  reference  library.  Open  free,  daily,  except  Sunday  and 
Monday,  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m.  and  6.30  to  9  p.m.;  closed  July  i  to 
September  15. 

[44: 


THE  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUIM  OF  ARl' 

Dyckman  House,  Park  and  Museum,  204th  Street  and  Broadway, 
Manhattan. 

Building  erected  1783-5;  restored  and  given  to  the  Cit\  1915. 
Furniture,  costumes,  and  other  objects  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury; reh'cs  dug  up  near  the  place.  Open  free,  daily  10  a.m. 
to  5.30  P.M. 

Hisi'ANic  MuSHUM,  156th  Street,  west  of  Broadway,  Manhattan. 

Paintings,  sculpture,  wood  car\  ings,  and  other  works  of  Span- 
ish art.    Open  free,  daily,  including  Sunday-,  10  a.m.  to  5  p.m. 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  Fifth  Avenue  at  82d  Street,  Man- 
hattan. 
Antiquities  from  Egypt,  Crete,  Cyprus,  etc. ;  architectural  casts 
and  models;  arms  and  armor;  Boscoreale  mural  paintings; 
bronzes,  old  and  modern ;  ceramics,  Oriental  and  European ; 
clocks,  watches,  and  sun-dials;  drawings,  old  and  modern; 
Greek  sculpture,  terracottas,  and  vases;  enamels;  engravings 
and  etchings;  furniture  of  various  periods;  gems;  glass;  iron 
ware;  i\ory  carvings;  jade;  jewelry;  laces;  lacquers;  manu- 
scripts; miniatures;  medals  and  plaques;  musical  instruments; 
ormolu ;  paintings,  old  and  modern ;  pewter ;  pottery  and  por- 
celain; rugs;  sculpture — classic,  Gothic,  Renaissance,  and  mod- 
ern; silverware;  textiles;  woodwork — Gothic,  Renaissance, 
French,  English,  and  Colonial.  Library,  special  exhibitions, 
classrooms,  study-rooms,  lectures,  photographs,  lantern  slides. 
Expert  guidance  by  appointment,  25  cents  a  person  with  a 
minimum  of  $1  an  hour.  Open  daily  10  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  in 
summer,  to  5  p.m.  in  winter;  Saturday  to  10  p.m.;  Sunday  i  to 
6  p.m.  Admission  free  except  Monday  and  Friday,  when  it  is 
25  cents. 

Museum  of  French  Art,  599  Fifth  Avenue  (48th  Street),  ^lanhat- 
tan. 
Reference  library,   clipping  files,   current  periodicals.      Occa- 
sional exhibitions  and  lectures.    Open  free,  daily  3  to  6  p.m. 

New  York  Historical  Society,  Central  Park  West  and  77th  Street, 
Manhattan. 

Important  collections  of  paintings  by  old   masters;   Egyptian 

.  antiquities  ;  New  York  prints.     Open  free,  daily,  except  Sun- 

^w  daAS  and  holidays,  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  ;  holidays,  i  to  5  p.m.,  ex- 

cept Christmas,  New  Year's,  and  July  4th. 

New  "^'ork  Public   Library,  Fifth  Avenue  and  42d  Street,  ]\Ianhat- 
tan. 

Lenox  and  Stuart  collections  of  paintings  and  objects  of  art; 
Avery  and  other  collections  of  prints  (over  75,000)  ;  current 
exhibitions;  special  art  reference  librarj-.  Open  free,  daily  9 
A.M.  to  6  P.M. ;  Sunday  i  to  5  p.m. 


V.X    COKX^.XOT   HO.SH   ...V.    P,.,.    Kin,.brldge    (.aoth    Street. 
Uuilding  erected  1748;  acquired  by  the  Citv  i<i<in     v       ■ 

Thursda.;-  .ihen  i;e  ,st-cent::  '  ""•    A>imissi„„_free  e.cep't 


N 


U62 


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